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moneropedia Garlic Routing
kovri
garlic-routing
Routing technology as implemented in Kovri/I2P

The Basics

The term Garlic Routing has a diverse history of varying interpretations.

As it currently stands, Monero defines Garlic Routing as the method in which @Kovri and @I2P create a message-based anonymous overlay network of internet peers.

History

In written form, the term Garlic Routing can be seen as early as June of 2000 in Roger Dingledine's Free Haven Master's thesis (Section 8.1.1) as derived from the term Onion Routing.

As recent as October of 2016, #tor-dev has offered insight into the creation of the term Garlic Routing:

Nick Mathewson:

[I think that there was some attempt to come up with a plant whose structure resembled the 'leaky-pipe' topology of tor, but I don't believe we ever settled on one.]

Roger Dingledine:

during the free haven brainstorming, there was a moment where we described a routing mechanism, and somebody said "garlic routing!", and everybody laughed. so we for sure thought we had invented the name, at the time.

In-depth Information

In technical terms, for @Kovri and @I2P, Garlic Routing translates to any/all of the following:

  1. Layered Encryption
  2. Bundling multiple messages together (garlic cloves)
  3. ElGamal/AES Encryption

Note: as seen in Tor, Onion Routing also uses layered encryption but does not use ElGamal and is not message-based.

Notes

  • Permission to use the aforementioned quotes granted by Nick Mathewson and Roger Dingledine
  • For more technical details, read Garlic Routing