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Moneropedia: translate all entries to zh-cn

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Co-authored-by: WooKey-Aurora <jack.zheng.md@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: lwf <lwf@one.cafe>
Co-authored-by: Muge Niu <mugeniu12138@gmail.com>
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72
_i18n/zh-cn/resources/moneropedia/account.md
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@ -1,36 +1,35 @@
---
terms: ["account", "accounts", "wallet", "wallets"]
summary: "similar in function to a bank account, contains all of your sent and received transactions"
terms: ["账户", "钱包"]
summary: "类似于银行账户的功能，包含所有您发送和接收的交易"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
Those familiar with Monero's predecessors will be more familiar with the term *wallet* to describe this. In Monero we call this an account, and it is a private account owned and operated by a Monero user.
那些熟悉门罗币的前辈（例如：比特币）的人会更熟悉“钱包”这个术语，用以描述这些。在门罗币这里，我们称之为一个帐户，它是一个由门罗币用户拥有和操作的私人帐户。
Your account contains all of the Monero @transactions you have sent and received. Your account balance is a sum of all the Monero you've received, less the Monero you've sent. When using Monero you may notice that your account has two balances, a locked and an unlocked balance. The unlocked balance contains funds that can be spent immediately, and the locked balance contains funds that you can't spend right now. You may receive a transaction that has an @unlock-time set, or you may have sent some Monero and are waiting for the @change to come back to your wallet, both situations that could lead to those funds being locked for a time.
您的帐户包含您发送和接收的所有门罗币@交易。你的账户余额是你收到的所有门罗币减去你发送的门罗币。当使用门罗币时，您可能会注意到您的帐户有两个余额，一个锁定的和一个未锁定的余额。未锁定余额包含可以立即使用的资金，而锁定余额包含不能立即使用的资金。您可能收到一个设置了@解锁时间的交易，或者您可能发送了一些门罗币并等待@找零回到您的钱包，这两种情况都可能导致这些资金被锁定一段时间。
A key difference between traditional electronic currency and Monero is that your account resides only under your control, normally on your computer, and cannot be accessed by anyone else if you [practice good security](#practicing-good-security).
传统电子货币和门罗币之间的一个关键区别是，您的帐户仅处于您的控制之下，通常位于您的计算机上，不会被任何人使用，只要您[养成良好的安全习惯]。
### Multiple Accounts
### 多个帐户
There are no costs attached to creating a Monero account, and there are no fees charged except for individual @transaction fees that go to @miners.
创建一个门罗币帐户无需任何费用，除了@矿工收取的个人@交易费用之外，不收取任何其他费用。
This means that individuals can easily create a Monero account for themselves as well as a joint account to share with their partner, and individual accounts for their children. Similarly, a business could create separate accounts for each division or group. Since Monero's @transaction fees are quite low, moving funds between accounts is not an expensive exercise.
### Cryptographic Keys
### 加密密钥
Monero relies heavily on a cryptography principle known as *public/private key cryptography* or *asymmetric cryptography*, which is thoroughly detailed in [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography).
门罗币很依赖于一种名为*公/私钥加密* 或 *非对称密码学* 的密码学原理，这在[维基百科文章](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/publickey_cryptography)中有详细的描述。
Your account is based on two keys, a @spend-key and a @view-key. The @spend-key is special in that it is the single key required to spend your Monero funds, whereas the @view-key allows you to reveal your @transactions to a third party, for example for auditing or accounting purposes. These keys in your account also play an important role in Monero's @transaction's privacy.
您的帐户基于两个密钥，一个@支付密钥和一个@查看密钥。@支付密钥的特殊之处在于，它是花费门罗币资金所需的唯一密钥，而@查看密钥允许您向第三方披露@交易记录，例如用于审计或会计目的。您帐户中的这些密钥在门罗币的@交易隐私当中，也扮演着重要的角色。
The private keys for both of these must be protected by you in order to retain your account privacy. On the other hand, the public keys are obviously public (they are part of your Monero account address). For normal public/private key cryptography someone could send you a private message by encrypting it with either of your public keys, and you would then be the only one able to decrypt it with your private keys.
为了保护您的帐户隐私，您必须保护这两个密钥。另一方面，公钥显然是公开的(它们是门罗币帐户地址的一部分)。对于普通的公/私钥加密，有人可以通过使用您的任何一个公钥加密来发送一条私钥消息，而您将是惟一能够使用您的私钥解密它的人。
### Backing Up Your Account
### 备份您的帐户
When you manage your own Monero Account with the private @spend-key, you are solely responsible for the security of your funds. Thankfully, Monero makes it very easy to backup your account. When creating a Monero account for the first time you will be given a unique @mnemonic-seed for your account that consists of 13 or 25 words in the language of your choosing. **This seed is the only thing you need to backup for your account**, and so it is imperative that it is written down and stored securely. Never store this seed in a form or location that would allow someone else to see it!
当您使用私有的@支付密钥管理您自己的门罗币帐户时，您将全权负责您资金的安全性。谢天谢地，门罗币让您的帐户备份变得非常容易。当您第一次创建一个门罗币帐号时，您的帐号会有一个独一无二的@助记种子，由你选择的语言的13或25个单词组成。**该种子是您帐号备份唯一需要东西**，因此必须将其记录下来并安全地存储。永远不要把种子储存在别人可以看到的地方!
```
List of available languages for your wallet's seed:
钱包种子可选语言列表:
0 : Deutsch
1 : English
2 : Español
@ -42,39 +41,40 @@ List of available languages for your wallet's seed:
8 : 日本語
9 : 简体中文 (中国)
10 : Esperanto
Enter the number corresponding to the language of your choice: 1
Generated new wallet: 4B15ZjveuttEaTmfZjLVioPVw7bfSmRLpSgB33CJbuC6BoGtZrug9TDAmhZEWD6XoFDGz55bgzisT9Dnv61sbsA6Sa47TYu
输入与您所选择的语言相对应的号码: 1
生成的新钱包: 4B15ZjveuttEaTmfZjLVioPVw7bfSmRLpSgB33CJbuC6BoGtZrug9TDAmhZEWD6XoFDGz55bgzisT9Dnv61sbsA6Sa47TYu
view key: 4130fa26463d9451781771a8baa5d0b8085c47c4500cefe4746bab48f1d15903
**********************************************************************
Your wallet has been generated.
To start synchronizing with the daemon, use "refresh" command.
Use "help" command to see the list of available commands.
Always use "exit" command when closing monero-wallet-cli to save your
current session's state. Otherwise, you might need to synchronize
your wallet again (your wallet keys are NOT at risk in any case).
您的钱包已经生成。
使用“刷新”命令，以启动同步进程。
使用“帮助”命令，以查看可用命令列表。
当关闭门罗币命令行钱包时，始终使用“exit”命令保存当前会话的状态。
否则，您可能需要再次同步您的钱包(您的钱包密钥在任何情况下都没有风险)。
PLEASE NOTE: the following 25 words can be used to recover access to your wallet. Please write them down and store them somewhere safe and secure. Please do not store them in your email or on file storage services outside of your immediate control.
请注意:以下25个单词可以用来恢复对您钱包的使用。请把它们写下来，放在安全的地方。请不要将它们存储在您的电子邮件或您无法立即控制的文件存储服务中。
aunt knuckle italics moisture hawk thorn iris abort
chlorine smog uphill glass aptitude nowhere sewage plywood
dual relic fierce divers anvil nodes bubble cabin abort
**********************************************************************
Starting refresh...
Refresh done, blocks received: 21939
Balance: 0.000000000000, unlocked balance: 0.000000000000
Background refresh thread started
[wallet 4B15Zj]: █
开始刷新...
刷新结束, 收到区块数量: 21939
余额: 0.000000000000, 未锁定余额: 0.000000000000
后台刷新线程启动
[钱包 4B15Zj]: █
```
As the example above indicates, it is incredibly important to store these words in safe locations. If you are concerned about the risk of critical loss at your home, for instance, you may want to store a second copy of your seed with your attorney or in a safety deposit box. It is also recommended that it is stored in a way that does not make it obvious that it is your seed, so writing it into a letter or as part of other notes is advisable.
如上例所示，将这些助记词存储在安全的位置非常重要。如果你担心在家里有遗失的风险，您可以把种子的第二份副本存放在你的律师那里，或者放在一个保险箱内。我们也建议您用一种不易察觉的方式存储你的助记种子，明智的做法是把它写在信里或是写在笔记里。
### Practicing Good Security
### 养成良好的安全习惯
Over and above backing up your @mnemonic-seed so that you have access to your account in the event of critical data loss, it is also important to practice good security. Use a secure password when creating a local Monero account (not used on [MyMonero](https://mymonero.com) or other web-based account systems).
为了在关键数据丢失时可以访问您的账户，除了备份您的@助记种子之外，养成良好的安全习惯也很重要。在创建本地门罗币帐户时，使用一个安全性高的密码（不要用 [MyMonero](https://mymonero.com) 或其他基于网络的帐户系统）。
Don't ever give your Monero account password to anyone, as this can be used to access the Monero on your computer without knowing your @mnemonic-seed. Similarly, make sure you have running and up-to-date antivirus, especially on Windows computers. Finally, be careful when clicking links in emails or on unknown and untrusted websites, as malware installed on your computer can sit and wait for you to access your Monero account before taking the funds from it.
永远不要把你的门罗币帐号密码交给任何人，因为在不知道你的@主机种子的情况下，是可以用密码使用你电脑上的门罗币。同样，要确保你的杀毒软件运行良好而且是最新版本的，尤其是在 Windows 系统的电脑上。
### Leaving Your Account to Next of Kin
最后，在点击电子邮件或不知名、不可信网站的链接时要格外小心，因为安装在你电脑上的恶意软件会对你的账户虎视眈眈，在你进入账户后拿走你的钱。
Providing access to your Monero account to your next of kin is just as easy as it is to backup your Monero account. Simply leave your @mnemonic-seed to them in your will, or store it somewhere safe where it will be given to them upon the execution of your will. A key advantage to this is that your next of kin won't have to wait for months for a third party to release the funds to them.
### 把你的帐户留给你的近亲
让您的近亲能够使用您的门罗币帐户，就像备份您的门罗币帐户一样简单。只要把你的@助记种子放在你的遗嘱里，或者把它储存在某个安全的地方，在你的遗嘱执行时就会给他们。这样做的一个关键好处是，你的近亲不必等上几个月由第三方发给他们资金。

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@ -4,30 +4,28 @@ terms: ["Address-Book"]
summary: "Allows you to visit I2P websites/services that have the .i2p domain"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
In order to browse @I2P sites or services with @Kovri, you'll need an address book. An address book will allow you to translate @I2P websites/services that use the `.i2p` [top-level domain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_level_domain) into an address that @I2P network will understand.
为了使用@Kovri浏览@I2P站点或服务，您需要一个地址薄。这个地址薄将那些使用 `.i2p` [顶级域名](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_level_domain)的地址,翻译成为一个@I2P网络(匿名网络)可以理解的地址。
如果没有地址簿，每次访问@I2P网站/服务时，您将不得不使用@base32地址—这样可一点都不好玩!
Without an address book, you would be stuck using a @base32-address every time you visit an @I2P website/service - and that's not fun!
### 深度信息
### In-depth information
由于@I2P网络上不存在[DNS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS)， @Kovri也不使用DNS或任何类型的@标准唯一主机解析。相反，Kovri在@订阅中将@本地唯一主机与@base64地址@目标配对。一旦你的地址簿中填了一个@订阅，你就可以将你最喜欢的 `.i2p` 域站点转换为为可用的@I2P目标。
Since [DNS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS) does not exist on the @I2P network, @Kovri also does **not** use DNS or any sort of @canonically-unique-host resolution. Instead, Kovri pairs a @locally-unique-host to a @base64-address @destination in a @subscription. Once your address book is filled with a @subscription, you can resolve your favorite `.i2p` domain site into a usable @I2P destination.
### 创建一个地址薄
### Creating an Address Book
默认情况下，在安装时在你的@数据词典里将带有一个名为 `hosts.txt` 的默认公共@订阅。当@Kovri启动时，它加载这个订阅并获取您指定的任何其他订阅。一旦加载，您的通讯录将被适当地填充。有关如何管理订阅的详细信息，请参见@订阅。
By default, your installation will come with a default public @subscription called `hosts.txt` in your @data-directory. When @Kovri starts, it loads this subscription and fetches any other subscriptions you've specified. Once loaded, your address book will be appropriately filled. For details on how to manage subscriptions, see @subscription.
### 更新地址薄
### Updating the Address Book
目前，有几种方法可以更新你的地址薄:
1. 使用@跳转服务，将I2P地址插入地址簿
2. 使用@跳转服务，复制/粘贴一个地址到您的私有@订阅当中
3. 从私有@订阅中，手动添加或删除
Currently, there are several ways to update your address book:
**注意:Kovri正在大力开发中。在未来，将有更容易的方法来更新通讯录**
1. Use a @jump-service to insert I2P addresses into your address book
2. Use a @jump-service to copy/paste an address into your private @subscription
3. Manually add or subtract from a private @subscription
### 地址薄 / 命名规范
**Note: Kovri is in heavy development. In the future there *will* be easier ways to update the address book**
### Address Book / Naming specification
For specification details and more, visit the [Address Book and Naming Specification](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/naming)
有关规范详细信息及更多内容，请访问 [地址薄以及命名规范](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/naming)

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@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ terms: ["address", "addresses"]
summary: "either an alias, such as donate.getmonero.org, or a set of 95 characters starting with a 4"
---
### The Basics
### 基础
When you send Monero to someone you only need one piece of information, and that is their Monero address. A *raw* Monero address is a set of 95 characters starting with a '4'. The Monero donation address, for instance, is <span class="long-term">888tNkZrPN6JsEgekjMnABU4TBzc2Dt29EPAvkRxbANsAnjyPbb3iQ1YBRk1UXcdRsiKc9dhwMVgN5S9cQUiyoogDavup3H</span>.
当你发送门罗币给某人时，你只需要一条信息，那就是他们的门罗币地址。一个*原始* 门罗币地址由95个字符组成，以“4”开头。例如，门罗币的捐款地址是 <span class="long-term">44AFFq5kSiGBoZ4NMDwYtN18obc8AemS33DBLWs3H7otXft3XjrpDtQGv7SqSsaBYBb98uNbr2VBBEt7f2wfn3RVGQBEP3A</span>.
Because those addresses are long and complex, you will often encounter an @OpenAlias address instead. For example, Monero donations can be sent to <span class="long-term">donate@getmonero.org</span> or <span class="long-term">donate.getmonero.org</span>.
因为这些地址又长又复杂，所以您经常会遇到@OpenAlias地址。例如，Monero捐款可以发送到<span class="long-term">donate@getmonero.org</span>或<span class="long-term">donate.getmonero.org</span>。
If you would like to get an @OpenAlias address of your own then there is some information on the [OpenAlias page](/the-monero-project/).
如果您想获得自己的@OpenAlias地址，那么 [OpenAlias页面](/the-monero-project/) 上有一些信息。
### Integrated address
### 集成地址
An integrated address is an address combined with an encrypted 64-bit @payment-ID. A raw integrated address is 106 characters long.
集成地址是与加密的64位@payment-ID相结合的地址。一个原始的集成地址长度为106个字符。
### In-depth Information
### 深度信息
The address is actually the concatenation, in Base58 format, of the *public* @spend-key and the *public* @view-key, prefixed with the network byte (the number 18 for Monero) and suffixed with the first four bytes of the Keccac-256 hash of the whole string (used as a checksum).
地址实际上是*公开* @支付密钥 和 *公开* @查看密钥 的Base58格式的串联，前缀是网络字节(Monero的代号是18)，后缀是整个字符串的keccache-256散列的前四个字节(用作校验和)。

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@ -3,8 +3,12 @@ terms: ["airgap"]
summary: "An airgap is a security measure to physically separate a computer or device from all other networks, such as the Internet."
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
"An air gap, air wall or air gapping is a network security measure employed on one or more computers to ensure that a secure computer network is physically isolated from unsecured networks, such as the public Internet or an unsecured local area network.[2] The name arises from the technique of creating a network that is physically separated (with a conceptual air gap) from all other networks. The air gap may not be completely literal, as networks employing the use of dedicated cryptographic devices that can tunnel packets over untrusted networks while avoiding packet rate or size variation can be considered air gapped, as there is no ability for computers on opposite sides of the gap to communicate."
“网闸是在一台或多台电脑上实施的网络安全措施，以确保安全的电脑网络与不安全的网络（例如公共互联网或不安全的局域网）在物理上隔离。[2]
Taken from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_gap_(networking)
这个名字来自于创建网络的技术，这个技术在物理上把创建的网络与所有其他网络分离（带有概念上的网闸）。
网闸可能不完全是字面上的意思,由于使用专用加密设备的网络可以在不可信的网络上对数据包进行隧道传输，同时避免数据包速率或大小的变化，可称之为网闸，因为位于网闸两端的计算机无法进行通信。”
摘自维基百科：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_gap_(networking)

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@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ terms: ["atomic-units", "atomic-unit"]
summary: "Atomic Units refer to the smallest fraction of 1 XMR."
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
Atomic Units refer to the smallest fraction of 1 XMR.
One atomic unit is currently 1e-12 XMR (0.000000000001 XMR, or one @piconero).
It may be changed in the future.
原子单位是指1XMR的最小分数。
一个原子单元目前是1e-12 XMR (0.000000000001 XMR，或一个@皮罗)。
这在将来有可能改变。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Base32-address", "Base32-addresses"]
summary: "Base32 encoded hash of a Base64 address"
---
### 基础知识
Base32地址是一个@I2P地址的截短编码版本，Base32地址是 `.b32.i2p` 主机名的第一部分。
例如:
`i35yftyyb22xhcvghmev46t5knefur5v66qzekkajatwfwhyklvq.b32.i2p`
这里
`i35yftyyb22xhcvghmev46t5knefur5v66qzekkajatwfwhyklvq` 就是Base32地址。
### 深度信息
基本上，Base32地址是52个字符长的，@I2P网络@Base64地址的完整SHA-256哈希的 [Base32编码表示](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base32)。
### 备注
**备注: `.b32` 并不是 `.i2p`的子域**

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Base64-address", "Base64-addresses"]
summary: "Base64 encoded I2P destination"
---
### 基础知识
@Base64地址是由516个字符组成的 [Base64编码](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64) @I2P @目标。@base64地址主要用于@地址薄、@跳转服务以及内部。
例如:
```
AQZGLAMpI9Q0l0kmMj1vpJJYK3CjLp~fE3MfvE-e7KMKjI5cPOH6EN8m794uHJ6b09qM8mb9VEv1lVLEov~usVliTSXCSHuRBOCIwIOuDNU0AbVa4BpIx~2sU4TxKhoaA3zQ6VzINoduTdR2IJhPvI5xzezp7dR21CEQGGTbenDslXeQ4iLHFA2~bzp1f7etSl9T2W9RID-KH78sRQmzWnv7dbhNodMbpO6xsf1vENf6bMRzqD5vgHEHZu2aSoNuPyYxDU1eM6--61b2xp9mt1k3ud-5WvPVg89RaU9ugU5cxaHgR927lHMCAEU2Ax~zUb3DbrvgQBOTHnJEx2Fp7pOK~PnP6ylkYKQMfLROosLDXinxOoSKP0UYCh2WgIUPwE7WzJH3PiJVF0~WZ1dZ9mg00c~gzLgmkOxe1NpFRNg6XzoARivNVB5NuWqNxr5WKWMLBGQ9YHvHO1OHhUJTowb9X90BhtHnLK2AHwO6fV-iHWxRJyDabhSMj1kuYpVUBQAEAAcAAA==
```
### 深度信息
有关@base64地址的更多详细信息，请参见@目标

13
_i18n/zh-cn/resources/moneropedia/block.md
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@ -3,12 +3,9 @@ terms: ["block", "blocks"]
summary: "a container of transactions, a sequence of which forms a blockchain"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A block is a container of @transactions, with a new block being added to the @blockchain once every 2 minutes (see constant `DIFFICULTY_TARGET_V2` defined as 120 seconds), on average.
Blocks also contain a special type of transaction, the @coinbase-transaction, which add newly created Monero to the network.
Blocks are created through the process of @mining, and the @node that successfully mines the block then broadcasts it to each of the @nodes connected to it, who subsequently re-broadcast the block until the entire Monero network has received it.
Fake or bad blocks generally cannot be created, as @nodes that receive blocks always verify the @transactions they contain against a set of consensus rules that all nodes adhere to, including validating the cryptographic @signatures on each transaction.
区块是@交易的容器，平均每2分钟就有一个新的区块被添加到@区块链当中(请参见定义为120秒的常量 `DIFFICULTY_TARGET_V2` )。
区块还包含一种特殊类型的交易@coinbase交易，它会将新创建的门罗币添加到网络中。
区块是通过@挖矿过程创建的，成功挖到区块的@节点，将它广播给连接到它的每个@节点们，每个@节点随后重新广播给连接它们的节点，直到整个门罗币网络接收到它。
假区块或坏区块通常不能被创建，因为接收区块的@节点们总是根据一组所有节点都遵守的一致规则来验证它们包含的@交易，包括验证每个交易上的加密@签名。

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@ -3,8 +3,12 @@ terms: ["blockchain", "blockchains"]
summary: "a distributed ledger of all transactions both past and present, without revealing who the funds came from or went to"
---
### The Basics
A @blockchain is a distributed database that continuously grows with a record of all of the transactions that have occurred with a given cryptocurrency. This database is often referred to as a ledger because the data contains a large list of transactions that have taken place. In Monero, these transactions are packaged together into 'blocks' every 2 minutes (on average), and all miners and nodes on the network have copies of these blocks.
### 基础知识
### Monero's @Blockchain
Unlike Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, transactions in the Monero @blockchain do not reveal where funds came from or went to, providing anonymity and making the currency completely @fungible. Additionally, the amounts of all transactions are hidden by @RingCT, a feature of Monero. For auditing or other transparency purposes a user can share a @view-key to prove they control certain amounts of Moneroj.
@区块链是一个分布式数据库，它持续增长，记录使用指定加密货币发生的所有交易。这个数据库通常被称为账簿，因为数据包含一个大列表，上面记录着已发生的交易。在门罗币的区块链之中，这些交易平均每2分钟被打包成一个“区块”，网络上的所有矿工和节点都有这些区块的副本。
### 门罗币的 @区块链
与比特币或其他加密货币不同，那些在门罗币的@区块链上发生的交易，不会透露资金的来源或去向，提供匿名性，让货币完全具有@可替代性。
此外，所有交易的金额都由@环机密交易隐藏，这是门罗币的一个特征。出于审计或其他透明度目的，用户可以通过共享@查看密钥，来证明他们管理了一定数量的门罗币。

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@ -3,10 +3,9 @@ terms: ["bootstrap-node", "bootstrap-nodes"]
summary: "A node to which a daemon connects to give immediate usability to wallets while syncing"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
The daemon running on a local @node has to sync with other (remote) @nodes. While it is not fully synced, @wallet may still be connected to the local node. Therefore, the @wallet cannot access the @blocks that are bot yet synced on the local @node.
运行在本地@节点上的守护进程必须与其他(远程)@节点们同步。当没有完全同步时，@钱包可能仍然连接到本地节点。但是，@钱包无法访问本地@节点上尚未同步的@区块。
To allow the @wallet to be immediately usable, the daemon on the local @node uses a bootstrap node to which the RPC request are proxying to, giving access to the missing @blocks.
Note: the replies from the bootstrap node may be untrustworthy.
为了允许@钱包立即可用，本地@节点上的守护进程使用RPC请求代理到的引导节点，从而访问丢失的@区块。
注意:来自引导节点的响应可能不可信。

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_i18n/zh-cn/resources/moneropedia/bulletproofs.md
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@ -3,28 +3,40 @@ terms: ["bulletproofs", "bulletproof"]
summary: "a new kind of range proofs replacing RingCT in transactions to obfuscate the amounts sent"
---
### The Basics
@RingCT was introduced to obfuscate transaction amounts. One goal of @RingCT was to prove the sum of inputs - outputs in the @transaction was equal to 0, and all outputs were positive numbers.
To accomplish this, two kind of ring signatures were constructed: One ring signature for the whole transaction (to prove the sum is 0), and a set of ring signatures for the subsets of transaction bits (to prove the outputs are positive numbers), then combined together using originally Schnorr signatures (and later replaced by Borromean ring signature).
While it was doing the job, a big drawback was the huge size of such a ringCT transaction.
### 基础知识
### Where it comes to bulletproofs
Back in 2017, a [Standford applied crypto group](https://crypto.stanford.edu/bulletproofs/) wrote a [paper](https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/1066.pdf) presenting a new kind of range proofs, called bulletproofs.
引入环机密交易是为了混淆交易金额。@环机密交易的一个目标是证明@交易中的输入和输出之和为0，并且所有输出都是正数。
> Bulletproofs are short non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that require no trusted setup.
为了实现这个目标,构建了两种环签名:一个环签名为整个交易(证明输出之和为0)；另一组环签名为交易单位的子集(为了证明所有输出都是正数),然后组合在一起，最初使用 Schnorr 签名(后来被 Borromean 环签名所取代)。
Bulletproofs, unlike Borromean or Schnorr signatures, are very efficient as range proofs. Proving a big set of data only generates a small proof, and the size of this proofs grows logarithmically with the size of the data being proved.
It means that increasing the number of outputs in a transaction will, with bulletproofs only slightly increase the size of the proof.
Bulletproofs also have the advantage to allow to prove that multiple committed amounts are in the desired range at once. No need to prove each output to each destination in separate proofs; the whole transaction amounts could be proven in one bigger (but still very small) bulletproof.
当它运行的时候，存在一个很大的缺点就是这种环机密交易的尺寸太大。
### Thorough audit process and implementation
As bulletproofs were really new, and the initial implementation made by the group, while thoroughly done, needed a rewrite focused on our specific use-case, implementing bulletproof in Monero was not a simple thing.
The code has been written and rewritten to follow the new version of bulletproofs which was still being developed, but once this Monero implementation was finalized, the resulting deployment should be taken with extreme care.
Therefore, the community started an auditing process. Researchers reached out to Benedikt Bünz, lead author of the Bulletproofs paper, and to [OSTIF](https://ostif.org/) an organization which helps open source technologies to improve and secure themselves.
OSTIF directed the group to several organizations with the skills required to perform the audit. While one of them asked to be kept unnamed and was therefore put away from the process that needed to be public, two others (QuarksLab & Kudelski Security) were choosen to conduct the audit.
Our 3 auditors were funded by the community to check out the if the implementation did not did not contain critical bugs, and if it did not have any exploits.
The final reports were released during the summer of 2018, with several useful corrections and fixes suggested, and the final bulletproof implementation has been added first to Monero Stagenet, and then to the main Monero network during the October 2018 network upgrade.
### 涉及到防弹协议
Since the bulletproofs deployment, the size of an average transaction has dropped by at least 80%, as well as the transaction fees.
早在2017年，一个[斯坦福应用加密小组](https://crypto.stanford.edu/bulletproofs/)写了一篇[论文](https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/1066.pdf)，提出了一种新的范围证明，称为防弹协议。
More explanations on Monero's implementation of bulletproofs could be found on youtube fondajo channel in a [conversation with Sarang Noether](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lEWqIMLzUU).
>防弹证明是一种短的非交互式零知识证明，不需要可信的设置。
与 Borromean 或 Schnorr 签名不同，防弹协议作为范围证明非常高效。要证明一个大的数据集只需产生一个小的证明，而且这个证明的尺寸随着被证明数据的规模大小呈对数增长。
这意味着在一个交易中，增加输出的数量只会略微增加证明的大小。
防弹协议还具有这样一些优势，可以同时证明多个提交的数量在所需范围内。不需要分别证明每个输出到每个目标;整个交易金额可以被证明在一个更大的(但仍然非常小)防弹协议中。
### 彻底的审核过程及执行
由于防弹协议很新，而且小组制作的最初的实现虽然完成得很彻底，但是需要针对我们特定的用例进行重写，所以在门罗币中实现防弹协议并不是一件简单的事情。
代码被编写了一遍又一遍，以遵循仍在不断被开发的新版防弹程序，但是一旦这个门罗币实现被完成，就应该非常小心地进行部署。
因此，社区开始了审计过程。研究人员联系了本尼迪克特·邦茨(Benedikt Bunz)，他是这篇防弹论文的主要作者，并联系了[OSTIF](https://ostif.org/)，这是一个帮助开源技术改进和保护自身安全的组织。
OSTIF给小组，介绍了几个具备执行审计所需技能的组织。其中一个要求匿名，因此被排除在需要公开的过程之外，而另外两个(QuarksLab & Kudelski Security)被选中进行审计。
我们的3个审计员是由社区资助的，以检查该实现是否存在严重的bug，以及是否存在任何漏洞。
最终的报告是在2018年夏天发布的，并提出了几个有用的修正和修复建议，最终的防弹实现已经首先添加到门罗币的镜像主网，然后在2018年10月网络升级期间添加到门罗币的主网。
自从防弹协议部署以来，平均交易尺寸已经下降了至少80%，交易费用也因而大幅下降。
更多与门罗币的防弹协议实现有关的解释，可以在 youtube fondajo 频道上 [与 Sarang Noether 的对话](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lEWqIMLzUU) 当中找到。

19
_i18n/zh-cn/resources/moneropedia/canonically-unique-host.md
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@ -4,18 +4,19 @@ terms: ["Canonically-unique-host"]
summary: "A host that is canonically resolved to an address or set of addresses"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A Canonically-unique host is a [FQDN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FQDN) that will canonically resolve to a designated address or set of addresses. Not to be confused with a @locally-unique-host.
一个标准唯一主机是一个[完全限定域名](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FQDN)，它将规范地解析为一个指定的地址或一组地址。不要与@本地唯一主机混淆。
### In-depth information
### 深度信息
A Canonically-unique host is defined by remote authoritative sources; usually through [DNS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS). When resolving a peer's hostname, you will most likely use an external source for resolution unless you have the following implemented:
一个标准唯一主机由远程权威来源定义;通常通过 [DNS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS)。在解析节点的主机名时，很可能使用外部源进行解析，除非以下文件已执行:
- a database file similar to a [hosts file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file))
- an internal-network resolver (which eventually pulls from external sources)
-一个类似于[域名解析文件](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file))的数据库文件
### Notes
-一个内部网络解析器(最终从外部来源获取)
- Monero primarily uses @canonically-unique-host resolution while @I2P only uses @locally-unique-host resolution.
- @I2P's and @Kovri's self-assigned top-level domain is currently `.i2p` and @Kovri intends to only process/use the `.i2p` [top-level domain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_level_domain)
### 备注
- 门罗币主要使用@标准唯一主机解析，而@I2P只使用@本地唯一主机解析。
- @I2P和@Kovri的自定义顶级域名当前为`.i2p`，@Kovri只打算处理/使用 `.i2p` [顶级域名](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_level_domain)

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@ -3,12 +3,13 @@ terms: ["change"]
summary: "Monero sent as part of a transaction, that returns to your account instead of going to another recipient"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
Monero sent as part of a transaction, that returns to your account instead of going to another recipient.
门罗币发送作为交易的一部分，它将返回到您的帐户，而不是发送到另一个接收者。
### More Information
### 深度信息
The @wallet in the Monero software makes change automatically, but when you send a transaction, you are taking an input that you control and telling the Monero network what to do with it. The input is a "deposit" to your account that you are able to spend. Outputs are the part of the transaction that tells the Monero network where to send the funds.
门罗币软件中的@钱包会自动产生找零，但当您发送一笔交易时，您正在接收一个您控制的输入，并告诉门罗币网络如何处理它。该输入是一笔“存款”进入到你的帐户，你可以花掉它。输出是交易的一部分，它告诉门罗币网络将资金发送到哪里。
You might have multiple inputs in your account, in many different denominations (For example: you deposited 0.5 XMR on Friday, and 0.75 XMR on Saturday). So, when have a transaction with an input of 0.5 XMR, but you only want to send 0.1 XMR, your transaction will include a fee to pay the @miner, an output for 0.1 XMR to send to the recipient, and the rest that you want to send back to yourself will be an output back to you (this is called "change"). Once the transaction is completed, the change becomes available to you as an input that you can again split and send with a new transaction.
您的帐户中可能有多种不同面值的输入(例如:周五存入0.5 XMR，周六存入0.75 XMR)。所以,当交易中有一个输入面额是0.5 XMR,但你只想发送0.1 XMR出去,交易将包括一笔手续费用于支付@矿工,输出为0.1 XMR发送给接收者,其余你想发回给自己的部分，将成为一个输出返回你的钱包(这就是所谓的“找零”)。一旦交易完成，找零将作为一笔输入供您使用，您可以通过一笔新的交易，再次分割或发送该输入。

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@ -4,28 +4,29 @@ terms: ["Clearnet"]
summary: "The Internet in which anonymous overlay networks are built upon"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
When you use the Internet for things like news, email, social media, and even Monero, you are most likely using a clearnet connection. This means that *all* of your connections can be tracked, traced, and monitored by:
当你为了看新闻、电子邮件、社交媒体，甚至是门罗币而使用互联网时，你最有可能使用明网连接。这意味着您的*所有*连接都可以通过以下方式进行跟踪、追溯和监视:
- your [ISP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISP)
- the website/service/person you're communicating with
- possibly a [Five Eyes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_Eyes) capable entity
- 你的 [ISP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISP)
- 你正在进行通讯的网站/服务/人
- 可能是一个像 [五眼联盟](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_Eyes) 之类的，有能力的实体
and even if you use [HTTPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPS) or similar (which *encrypts* your transmission), your route is not hidden nor is it anonymous, thus; it is in the *clear*.
即使您使用[HTTPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPS)或类似的协议(它*加密*您的传输)，您的路由也不是隐藏的，也不是匿名的，因此；这是*明面上的*。
### In-depth information
### 深度信息
Since a traditional [VPN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VPN) cannot save you from clearnet (as you are still using *clearnet* (though you are more proxied than without a VPN)), you should use an *anonymous overlay network* to avoid using clearnet directly:
由于传统的[VPN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VPN)不能让您免于明网(因为您仍然在使用*明网*(尽管比没有VPN要隐蔽))，您应该使用*匿名覆盖网络*来避免直接使用明网:
- @Kovri
- @Java-I2P
- [Tor](https://torproject.org/)
These technologies protect you from clearnet by building an anonymous network **over** clearnet to keep your transmissions both encrypted **and** anonymous.
这些技术通过在明网上建立一个匿名网络，从而使您的传输经过加密**并**匿名，以从明网中保护你，
Here is an accurate, [interactive diagram](https://www.eff.org/pages/tor-and-https) provided by the [EFF](https://www.eff.org/) which describes *clearnet* as it relates to **Tor**. The concept also (somewhat) applies to @Kovri and @I2P in terms of anonymity with the exception that:
这是一个由[EFF](https://www.eff.org/pages/tor&https)提供的准确的[交互式图表](https://www.eff.org/)，它描述了*明网*与**洋葱路由器**的关系。这个概念也(在一定程度上)适用于@Kovri和@I2P的匿名性，除了:
- @Kovri在连接到@eep站点时不使用出口节点
- 您的流量永远不需要离开@I2P网络
- 不需要HTTPS来使用@Kovri (@补种的情况除外)
- @Kovri does not use exit nodes when connecting to an @eepsite
- Your traffic never need to leave the @I2P network
- You do not need HTTPS to use @Kovri (with the exception of @reseed)

4
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@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ terms: ["coinbase-transaction"]
summary: "a special type of transaction included in each block, which contains a small amount of Monero sent to the miner as a reward for their mining work"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A special type of transaction included in each block, which contains a small amount of Monero sent to the miner as a reward for their mining work.
每个区块中包含的一种特殊类型的交易，其中包含少量的门罗币，作为对矿工挖矿工作的奖励发送给他们。

4
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@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ terms: ["consensus", "consensus-network"]
summary: "consensus describes a property of distributed networks like Monero where most of the participants follow the rules, and thus reject bad participants"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
Consensus describes a property of distributed networks like Monero where most of the participants follow the rules, and thus reject bad participants.
共识描述了像门罗币这样的分布式网络的特性，其中大多数参与者遵循规则，从而拒绝坏的参与者。

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@ -3,18 +3,22 @@ terms: ["cryptocurrency", "cryptocurrencies", "altcoin", "altcoins"]
summary: "a digital currency in which encryption techniques are used to regulate the generation of units of currency and verify the transfer of funds, usually operating independently of a central bank"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A digital currency in which encryption techniques are used to regulate the generation of units of currency and verify the transfer of funds, usually operating independently of a central bank.
一种数字货币，使用加密技术来规范货币单位的产生和验证资金的转移，通常独立于中央银行进行操作。
### More Information
### 深度信息
Cryptocurrency is the generic term for a large set of digital assets that use encryption techniques to generate units of currency, verify the transactions, and transfer value. Generally, cryptocurrencies are considered to be decentralized. Cryptocurrency should not be confused with virtual currency which is a type of digital money that is usually controlled by its creators or developers. Some examples of virtual currency are gametime in World of Warcraft, ROBUX in Roblox, reward points programs, or Ripple, all of which can be exchanged for currency or cash value, but are not considered cryptocurrency because they are centalized and controlled/issued by a single entity.
加密货币是一大组数字资产的通用术语，这些资产使用加密技术生成货币单位、验证交易和传输价值。一般来说，加密货币被认为是去中心化的。加密货币不应该与虚拟货币混淆，虚拟货币是一种通常由其创造者或开发者控制的数字货币。虚拟货币的一些例子是《魔兽世界》中的游戏时间、《Roblox》中的ROBUX、奖励积分计划或瑞波币，所有这些都可以兑换成货币或现金价值，但不被视为加密货币，因为它们是中心化的，并由一个实体控制/发行的。
Monero is one of many cryptocurrencies currently available. Other examples are Bitcoin, Litecoin, Dogecoin, Dash, Zcash, etc, but nearly all other cryptocurrencies lack features that make them a true money (most importantly @fungibility which is a requirement for it to be a store-of-value).
Not all cryptocurrencies operate the same, but they usually share the properties of decentralization, encryption, and the ability to send and receive transactions. Most are irreversible, pseudonymous, global, and permissionless. Most aim to be a store-of-value or be digital cash that allows you to transact.
门罗币是目前存在的许多加密货币之一。其他例子还有比特币、莱特币、狗狗币、达世币、大零币等，但几乎所有其他加密货币都缺乏使它们成为真正货币的特性（最重要的特性：@可替换性，这是它成为价值存储的必要条件）。
Most cryptocurrencies (including Monero) use a distributed ledger (called a @blockchain) to keep track of previous transactions. The blockchain serves to tell other users on the network that transactions have happened. There are many different ways for cryptocurrencies to create their blockchain, and not all are the same. Monero uses proof-of-work to craft blocks, where other cryptocurrencies may use proof-of-stake or other consolidated methods.
Ultimately, cryptocurrency is an attempt to create trustless value; that is free from borders, governments, and banks. Whether that be to transact or to be digital gold is up to the users of each.
并非所有加密货币的运作机理都相同，但它们通常具有去中心化、加密以及发送和接收交易的能力。大多具备不可逆转的、假名化的、全球性的、不需要许可的特性。大多目标是实现价值储存或成为允许交易的数字化现金。
大多数加密货币（包括门罗币）使用分布式账簿（称为@区块链）来追溯以前的交易。区块链服务器告诉网络上的其他用户发生的交易。加密货币创建区块链有许多不同的方法，但并非所有方法都相同。门罗币使用工作量证明来生成区块，一些其他加密货币使用权益证明或其他合并方法。
从根本上说，加密货币是一种创造去信任（无需基于信任）价值的尝试;它不受国界、政府和银行的限制。无论是交易还是当成数字黄金，都取决于每一个用户。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Data-Directory"]
summary: "Where essential kovri data for runtime is stored"
---
### 基础知识
根据您的操作系统，@Kovri当前将所有运行时数据存储在下面的目录中:
- Linux/FreeBSD:
- `$HOME/.kovri`
- OSX:
- `$HOME/Library/Application\ Support/Kovri`
- Windows:
- `"$APPDATA"\\Kovri`
这包括所有配置文件、@地址薄、证书和资源。

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@ -3,36 +3,40 @@ terms: ["denominations", "subunits", "tacoshi", "piconero", "nanonero", "microne
summary: "A denomination is a proper description of a currency amount. It is oftentimes a sub-unit of the currency. For example, traditionally a cent is 1/100th of a particular unit of currency.)"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A denomination is a proper description of a currency amount. It is oftentimes a sub-unit of the currency. For example, traditionally a cent is 1/100th of a particular unit of currency.).
面额是对货币数量的恰当描述。它通常是货币的一个次级单位。例如，传统上一分钱是特定货币单位的百分之一。
Monero denomination names add SI prefixes after dropping the initial "mo" for ease of use. Actually, the smallest unit of Monero is 1 piconero (0.000000000001 XMR).
门罗币命名面额的方式为，去掉前面代表门罗币的 “mo”--英文（“门”---中文），后添加SI(国际标准单位前缀)，以便于使用。实际上，门罗币的最小单位是1皮罗（0.000000000001 XMR）。
### Denominations of Monero
### 门罗币的面额
|------------+----------+-------------------|
| Name | Base 10 | Amount |
|-----------:|:--------:| -----------------:|
| piconero | 10^-12 | 0.000000000001 |
| nanonero | 10^-9 | 0.000000001 |
| micronero | 10^-6 | 0.000001 |
| millinero | 10^-3 | 0.001 |
| centinero | 10^-2 | 0.01 |
| decinero | 10^-1 | 0.1 |
|-----------+----------+-------------------|
| 名称 | 十进制 | 数值 |
|-----------|:-------- :| ----------------:|
| 皮罗 | 10^-12 | 0.000000000001 |
| 纳罗 | 10^-9 | 0.000000001 |
| 微罗 | 10^-6 | 0.000001 |
| 毫罗 | 10^-3 | 0.001 |
| 厘罗 | 10^-2 | 0.01 |
| 分罗 | 10^-1 | 0.1 |
|============+==========+===================|
| **monero** | **10^0** | **1** |
| **门罗币** | **10^0** | **1** |
|============+==========+===================|
| decanero | 10^1 | 10 |
| hectonero | 10^2 | 100 |
| kilonero | 10^3 | 1,000 |
| meganero | 10^6 | 1,000,000 |
| 十罗 | 10^1 | 10 |
| 百罗 | 10^2 | 100 |
| 千罗 | 10^3 | 1,000 |
| 兆罗 | 10^6 | 1,000,000 |
|------------+----------+-------------------|
### In-depth Information
### 深度信息
Support for input using SI prefixes was [added to the Monero codebase](https://github.com/monero-project/monero/pull/1826) on March 3, 2017 by [Moneromooo](https://github.com/moneromooo-monero). The smallest unit of Monero (10^-12 XMR) was originally called a tacoshi in honor of user [Tacotime](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?action=profile;u=19270), an early Monero contributor and was later renamed for ease of use and consistancy.
2017年3月3日，[Moneromooo](https://github.com/moneromooo-monero)将使用国际标准前缀的输入支持[添加到Monero代码库](https://github.com/moneromooo-monero)。
门罗币最小的单位(10^-12 XMR)最初被称为tacoshi，以纪念用户[Tacotime](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?action=profile;u=19270)，一名门罗币的早期贡献者。后来为了便于使用和一致性而重新命名。
### Monerod 实现
当前 monerod 实现中门罗币的最小分数也称为原子单位，它目前是一个皮罗。
### Monerod Implementation
The smallest fraction of Monero in the current monerod implementation is also known as the @atomic-unit, which is currently one piconero.

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@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ terms: ["Destination", "Destinations"]
summary: "A in-net address that serves as a final endpoint (either local or remote)"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A @destination is the @I2P @in-net address of the final endpoint you are trying to connect to (example: an @I2P website, service, or Monero node). This can also include a *local destination* of which *other* peers need to connect to in order to make contact for communication (similar to how, in @clearnet, your IP address is given to a website when you connect so it knows *where* to send the information back to).
@目标指的是，您试图连接到的最终端点的@I2P @网内地址（例如:@I2P网站、服务或门罗币节点）。这也可以包括一个*本地目标*，这其中 *其它* 对等节点需要连接到这个*本地目标*，以便与之进行通信（类似于在@明网中，当您连到某个网站时，您的IP地址也会被发送到这个网站，因此它也知道把信息发回“哪里”）。
### In-depth Information
### 深度信息
An @I2P destination can be encoded into a @base32-address or @base64-address. Most users will only care about @base32-addresses or a `.i2p` hostname while, internally, @Kovri / @I2P @address-book uses @base64-addresses. Ultimately, all @destinations in @I2P are 516-byte (or longer) keys:
一个@I2P目标可以被编码成@base32地址或@base64地址。大多数用户只关心@base32地址或一个 `.i2p` 。在内部，@Kovri / @I2P @地址薄使用@base64地址。最终，@I2P中的所有@目标都是516字节（或更长）的密钥:
`256-byte public key + 128-byte signing key + a null certificate = 516 bytes in Base64 representation`
`256字节公钥 + 128字节签名密钥 + 空证书 = 经Base64编码后表示为516字节`
Note: certificates are not used now but, if they were, the keys would be longer.
注意:这是在不使用证书的情况下，如果使用证书，密钥会更长。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Eepsite", "Hidden-Service", "Garlic-Site", "Garlic-Service"]
summary: "A website or service hosted within the I2P network"
---
### 基础知识
EEP到底是对网站的内容的表示惊讶的一声惊叫，或 **端到端协议**，或其他完全不同的东西?
虽然eep站点的原始定义已经随着时间的推移而丢失，但它的用例仍然存在：eep站点是托管在@I2P网络内（且仅能通过@I2P网络访问）的网站或服务。
### 深度信息
别名包括：
1. *隐藏服务*
- 因为站点/服务隐藏在@I2P网络中，只能在网络中访问
2. *大蒜网站*
- 因为本网站利用@I2P的@大蒜路由技术作为与客户沟通的一种方式
- 因为该服务是作为网站托管的，而不是任何其他类型的服务
3. *大蒜服务*
- 因为该服务使用@I2P的@大蒜路由技术作为与客户端通信的一种方式
- 因为该服务是特定的服务，如IRC，电子邮件，或一个门罗币端（但也可能包括网站）
### 备注
要了解如何设置Eep站点（隐藏服务、大蒜站点、大蒜服务），请访问@Kovri[用户指南](https://gitlab.com/kovri-project/kovri-docs/blob/master/i18n/en/user_guide.md)。

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@ -4,30 +4,32 @@ terms: ["encryption", "encrypted", "encrypting", "decryption", "decrypted", "dec
summary: "The process of encoding messages or information in a way that only authorized parties can decode and read"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
From [Encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption):
来自[加密](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption):
>
In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding messages or information in such a way that only authorized parties can decode and read what is sent. Encryption does not of itself prevent interception, but denies the message content to the interceptor.
在密码学中，加密是对消息或信息进行编码的过程，只有经过授权的一方才能解码和读取发送的内容。加密本身并不阻止拦截，而是拒绝向拦截方提供消息内容。
### In-depth information
### 深度信息
From [Encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption):
来自[加密](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption):
>
In an encryption scheme, the intended communication information or message (referred to as *plaintext*), is encrypted using an encryption algorithm, generating ciphertext that can only be read if decrypted. For technical reasons, an encryption scheme usually uses a pseudo-random encryption key generated by an algorithm. It is in principle possible to decrypt the message without possessing the key, but, for a well-designed encryption scheme, large computational resources and skill are required. An authorized recipient can easily decrypt the message with the key provided by the originator to recipients, but not to unauthorized interceptors.
在加密方案中，打算通信的信息或消息（称为*明文*）使用加密算法加密，生成只有解密后才能读取的密文。出于技术原因，加密方案通常使用由算法生成的伪随机加密密钥。原则上可以在不拥有密钥的情况下解密消息，但是，对于设计良好的加密方案，解密需要庞大的计算资源和技巧。经授权的接收方可以使用发送方提供的密钥轻松解密消息，而未经授权的拦截方则不能。
>
The purpose of encryption is to ensure that only somebody who is authorized to access data (e.g. a text message or a file), will be able to read it, using the decryption key. Somebody who is not authorized can be excluded, because he or she does not have the required key, without which it is impossible to read the encrypted information.
加密的目的是确保只有被授权访问数据的人（例如文本消息或文件）才能使用解密密钥读取数据。未经授权的人可以被排除在外，因为他或她没有所需的密钥，没有密钥就不可能读取加密的信息。
### Kovri
@Kovri implements various types of encryption in *at least* 4 essential capacities:
@Kovri实施了多种类型的加密在*至少* 4种基本性能中：
- @Reseed for bootstrapping
- @Garlic-routing: three layers of encryption (@garlic-encryption) are used to verify the secure delivery of @messages to the recipient/peer/@destination
- @Tunnel encryption: garlic messages are passed through a @tunnel and encrypted by the @tunnel gateway to the @tunnel endpoint
- @Transport layer encryption prevents the ability to decrypt @messages at the [media layer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model)
- @补种的引导
- @大蒜路由：三层加密(@大蒜加密)用于验证@消息是否安全传递到收件人/对等节点/@目标
- @隧道加密：大蒜消息通过@隧道传递，并由@隧道网关加密到@隧道端点
- @传输层加密防止在[媒体层](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model)解密@消息
For details on the types of encryption and cryptographic @signatures used in @Kovri and @I2P, visit @Java-I2P's [Cryptography](https://geti2p.net/spec/cryptography)
有关@Kovri和@I2P中使用的各类型的加密和加密@签名的详细信息，请访问@Java-I2P的[密码学](https://geti2p.net/spec/cryptography)。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Floodfill"]
summary: "An I2P router which maintains a distributed network-database"
---
### 基础知识
通过积极管理分布式网络数据库，具有*泛洪填充*功能的路由器能够帮助维护网络的稳定性和弹性，同时也具有去中心化和去信任的特性。
### 深度信息
虽然泛洪填充本身是一个简单的存储系统，但是泛洪填充与@网络数据库和@I2P网络中的其他协议之间的技术基础要复杂得多。请访问[网络数据库](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/how/networkdatabase)页面了解详细信息。

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@ -3,15 +3,12 @@ terms: ["fluffy blocks", "fluffyblocks"]
summary: "a way of saving bandwidth when sending new blocks around the network"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A @block is made up of a header and @transactions. Fluffy Blocks only contain
a header, a list of transaction indices, and any transactions that the node
recieving the block may be missing. This saves bandwidth because nodes might
already know about most or all of the transactions in the block and they don't
need to be sent them again.
@区块由区块头和@交易组成。
蓬松区块只包含一个区块头、一个交易索引列表以及接收该块的节点可能丢失的任何交易。这节省了带宽，因为节点可能已经知道区块中的大部分或所有交易，并且不需要再次发送它们。
### See Also
### 另请参阅
* [BIP152 "Compact Block Relay"](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0152.mediawiki)
* [BIP152 “紧密区块传播”](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0152.mediawiki)
* [Xthin](https://github.com/BitcoinUnlimited/BitcoinUnlimited/blob/release/doc/bu-xthin-protocol.md)

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@ -3,13 +3,12 @@ terms: ["fungibility", "fungible"]
summary: "property of a currency whereby two units can be substituted in place of one another"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
Property of a currency whereby two units can be substituted in place of one another.
货币的一种属性，其中任意两个单位可以相互替换。
Fungibility means that two units of a currency can be mutually substituted and the substituted currency is equal to another unit of the same size. For example, two $10 bills can be exchanged and they are functionally identical to any other $10 bill in circulation (although $10 bills have unique ID numbers and are therefore not completely fungible). Gold is probably a closer example of true fungibility, where any 1 oz. of gold of the same grade is worth the same as another 1 oz. of gold. Monero is fungible due to the nature of the currency which provides no way to link transactions together nor trace the history of any particular XMR. 1 XMR is functionally identical to any other 1 XMR.
可替换性是指一种货币的两个货币单位可以相互替换，而被替换的货币等于另一个相同大小的单位。例如，两张10美元的钞票可以交换，而且它们在功能上与流通中的任何其他10美元钞票相同（尽管10美元钞票有唯一的ID号，因此不能完全替换）。黄金可能是一个更接近真实可替换性的例子，任何1盎司的同等等级的黄金都与另1盎司的黄金价值相同。由于货币的性质，门罗币是可替换的，它不提供将交易联系在一起的方法，也无法跟踪任何特定 XMR 的交易历史。1XMR 在功能上与任何其他的1XMR相同。
Fungibility is an advantage Monero has over Bitcoin and almost every other cryptocurrency, due to the privacy inherent in the Monero @blockchain and the permanently traceable nature of the Bitcoin blockchain. With Bitcoin, any BTC can be tracked by anyone back to its creation @coinbase-transaction. Therefore, if a coin has been used for an illegal purpose in the past, this history will be contained in the @blockchain in perpetuity. This lack of fungibility means that certain businesses will be obligated to avoid accepting BTC that have been previously used for purposes which are illegal, or simply run afoul of their Terms of Service. Currently some large Bitcoin companies are blocking, suspending, or closing accounts that have received Bitcoin used in online gambling or other purposes deemed unsavory by said companies.
Monero has been built specifically to address the problem of traceability and non-fungibility inherent in other cryptocurrencies. By having completely private transactions Monero is truly fungible and there can be no blacklisting of certain XMR, while at the same time providing all the benefits of a secure, decentralized, permanent blockchain.
可替换性是门罗币相对于比特币和几乎所有其他加密货币的一个优势，这是因为门罗币 @区块链与生俱来的隐私性以及比特币区块链的永久可追踪性。所有的比特币，任何人都可以一直追踪到创建比特币的@coinbase交易。因此，如果一枚比特币在过去被用于非法目的，这段历史将永远被记录在@区块链中。这种不可替换性意味着，某些企业将有义务避免接受此前用于非法目的的BTC，或仅仅违反其服务条款的比特币。目前，一些大型比特币公司正在封锁、暂停或关闭那些接收了用于在线赌博或其他被这些公司认为令人不快的用途的比特币的账户。
门罗币是专门为解决其他加密货币固有的可跟踪性和不可替换性问题而设计的。因为拥有完全隐私的交易，门罗币确实是可以替换的，而且不可能将某些XMR列入黑名单，同时为您提供安全、去中心化、永久的区块链的好处。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Garlic-Encryption", "Layered-Encryption"]
summary: "Layered encryption as implemented in Kovri / I2P"
---
### 基础知识
@大蒜加密是@I2P实现的基于@消息的@分层加密（类似于基于流的[洋葱路由](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_routing)）。
通过分层@加密@消息，这允许@消息通过一系列代理路由，而不允许代理（或任何中介）读取@信息的内容。@分层加密是@Kovri、@I2P和[Tor](https://torproject.org)中的一个基本特性，也是在这些覆盖网络中保护匿名性的基石。
### 深度信息
对于@大蒜加密，@Kovri/@I2P与Tor的主要区别是:
- @Kovri/@I2P将多条@消息捆绑在一起，形成大蒜“蒜瓣”
- 一个“蒜瓣”中可以包含任意数量的消息，而不是*只有*一条消息
- @Kovri/@I2P使用[ElGamal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ElGamal)/[AES](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard) @加密@消息并@传输
### 备注
有关详细信息，请参见@大蒜路由。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Garlic-Routing"]
summary: "Routing technology as implemented in Kovri"
---
### 基础知识
术语*@大蒜路由*有复杂的历史有不同的解读。按照目前的情况，门罗币将*@大蒜路由*定义为@Kovri和@I2P创建的基于@消息的互联网对等节点匿名覆盖网络的方法。
@大蒜路由的@大蒜加密类似于[洋葱路由](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_routing)的@分层加密，它有效地隐藏了发送方的IP地址，并确保从发送方发送到@目标的信息是安全的（反之亦然）。
### 历史
早在2000年6月，Roger Dingledine的[自由港硕士论文](http://www.freehaven.net/papers.html)（第8.1.1节）就以书面形式提出了*@大蒜路由*一词，该词源于“洋葱路由”一词。
就在2016年10月，[#tor-开发人员](https://oftc.net/WebChat/)对术语*@大蒜路由*的创建提供了一些见解:
[Nick Mathewson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tor_Project,_Inc):
>我认为曾经试想过一种植物，其结构类似于'漏水管'拓扑结构，但我不认为我们曾经确定了一种。
[Roger Dingledine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Dingledine):
>在自由港的头脑风暴中，有一瞬间我们描述了一个路由机制，有人说“大蒜路由!”，大家都笑了。
所以我们肯定这个名字是我们在那个时候发明的。
*注:尼克·马修森（Nick Mathewson）和罗杰·丁格尔丁（Roger Dingledine）同意使用上述引用*
### 深度信息
在技术术语中，对于@Kovri和@I2P， *@大蒜路由*可以解释为以下任何/所有内容:
- @分层加密（类似于洋葱路由中的@分层加密）
- 将多个@消息捆绑在一起（大蒜瓣）
- ElGamal/ AES @加密
*注意:虽然[Tor](https://torproject.org/)使用@分层加密，但是Tor不使用ElGamal，也不是基于消息的。*
**阅读更多信息，请查看@大蒜加密**
### 备注
-在洋葱/大蒜路由方面，分层@加密的另一种设想是用一个[俄罗斯套娃](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matryoshka_doll)替换洋葱/大蒜-每个外部/内部套娃都有一个锁和下一个/前一个套娃的公钥
-有关大蒜路由的更多技术细节，请阅读[大蒜路由](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/how/garlic-routing)上的@Java-I2P条目。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["I2NP"]
summary: "The I2P Network Protocol: the mechanism in which I2NP messages are sent over the I2P network"
---
### 基础知识
来自 @Java-I2P:
>
@I2NP管理路由器之间的路由以及消息混合，并且在与支持多种公共传输的对等节点通信时，选择使用什么方式传输。
### 深度信息
来自 @Java-I2P:
>
@I2NP （@I2P网络协议）@消息可以用于单跳、路由器到路由器、点对点@消息。通过@加密和在其他@消息中包裹@消息，可以通过多个跳转以安全的方式将它们发送到最终的@目标。@I2NP不指定也不要求任何特定的@传输层，但要求至少使用一次@传输。
>
无论何时@目标想要将消息发送到另一个@目标，它都会为其本地路由器提供@目标结构和要发送的消息的原始字节。然后路由器决定将它发送到哪里，通过出站@隧道交付它，指示端点将它传递到适当的入站@隧道，在那里它再次传递到该@隧道的端点，并提供给目标以供接收。
### 备注
阅读更多关于@I2NP[协议](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/protocol/i2np)和[规范](https://geti2p.net/spec/i2np)的信息。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["I2P"]
summary: "The Invisible Internet Project: an anonymizing overlay network"
---
### 门罗币
关于门罗币的@I2P实现，请参见@Kovri。要查看@I2P和[Tor洋葱网络](https://torproject.org/)的比较，请阅读[比较](https://geti2p.net/en/comparison/tor)页面。
### 基础知识
来自@Java-I2P:
>I2P网络为互联网上的通信提供了强大的隐私保护。许多在公共互联网上可能会危及您隐私的活动，都可以在I2P中匿名进行。
### 深度信息
来自@Java-I2P:
>I2P是一个匿名覆盖网络——一个网络中的网络。它的目的是保护通信免受互联网服务提供商等第三方的监视。
>I2P被许多关心隐私的人使用：活动家、受压迫的人、记者和告密者，以及普通人。
>没有网络可以是“完全匿名的”。I2P的持续目标是使攻击越来越难以进行。随着网络规模的扩大和不断的学术审查，它的匿名性将会越来越强。
### 备注
@I2P的文档以及规范请看[这里](https://geti2p.net/docs/).

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["I2PControl"]
summary: "An API inteface for Kovri and Java-I2P that allows simple remote control"
---
### 基础知识
@I2Pcontrol是一个用于@Kovri和@Java-I2P的[JSONRPC2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON-RPC) [API](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface)，它允许@I2Pcontrol客户端远程控制/监视正在运行的实例。
两个可用的@I2PControl客户端分别是:[qtoopie](https://github.com/EinMByte/qtoopie) （c++客户端）和[itoopie](https://github.com/i2p/i2p.itoopie) （Java客户端）。读取 `kovri.conf` 为@Kovri配置@I2PControl。
### 深度信息
[I2PControl](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/api/i2pcontrol)页面提供了详细信息和规范。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["In-net"]
summary: "Within the I2P network"
---
### 基础知识
**网内**是一个[口语](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloquial)术语，它描述*只*存在于@I2P网络中的活动、协议或功能。
### 深度信息
例如:*网内下载*被定义为*只*存在于@I2P网络中的下载。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Java-I2P"]
summary: "The original implementation of I2P - written in Java"
---
### 基础知识
术语“Java I2P”经常被用来描述目前已知和使用最多的原始@I2P实现。其实，还有其他各种@I2P实现，包括@Kovri;所有这些都依赖于最初的Java实现。
### 备注
要下载/了解更多关于Java的实现，请访问他们的[网站](https://geti2p.net/)。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Jump-Service"]
summary: "An I2P website service that adds addresses to your address book"
---
### 基础知识
在您配置的@I2P网页浏览器中，您可以使用*跳转*服务来跳转到您的@地址薄中没有的@I2P地址。一旦您*跳转*到该地址，该地址将保存到您的@地址薄中。
### 深度信息
在@I2P配置的浏览器中，访问:http://stats.i2p/i2p/lookup.html（由@Java-I2P的首席开发人员*zzz*提供）
然后，你有两个选择:
1. *主机名查找*您希望访问的地址，然后手动复制/粘贴结果
2. *输入@I2P主机名（**推荐**）跳转到@I2P网站
### 使用主机名查找
例如，输入 `pinkpaste.i2p` 进入*主机名查找*框（然后提交）将返回以下内容:
```
pinkpaste.i2p=m-HrPrIAsdxts0WM~P4mE8mt9P7g-QTaBvu7Gc6Nl0UX7Vwck-i~RvOPfK6W~kfdRvwhNTqevkBL2UF5l36We02Aiywu7kB2xOHRkze68h-Tg2ewvRVwokohguCD2G3wwAEz~7FVda2avYDCb9-N6TfuzxKLnmhPMvbNSjGL7ZsD2p-h207R3-2kvuMV9bfu-K~w9NI9XJhIyufvUnFYc2jnTVg8PbaR4UP57cNaOO2YIMPkbr6~yTcIu9B1sUfHK6-N~6virQDOxW4M-62rjnZkLpaCtkOsXslmCwZI--TkZ6hKi1kXZvNmJRE1rYfffYRFn38zhaqszeETX8HiIvahZhXF5fNumBziYdmLdw8hkuN1A~emU6Xz9g~a1Ixfsq1Qr~guYoOtaw-0rOFxNRS9yMehE-2LCb8c-cAg6z5OdlN4qJDl~ZHgru4d~EHp~BpAK3v7u2Gi-8l1ygVW-1CHVna~fwnbOPN3ANPwh6~~yUit0Cx1f54XiNRn6-nPBQAEAAcAAA==
```
复制/粘贴这个主机=@base64地址对到您的**私有** @订阅中。
### 直接跳转
例如，输入 `pinkpaste.i2p` 进入*跳转*框（然后提交）将自动重定向到网站**和**插入@本地唯一主机到@地址薄。

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summary: "Monero's C++ router implementation of the I2P network"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
[Kovri](https://gitlab.com/kovri-project/kovri/) is a C++ implementation of the @I2P network. @Kovri is currently in heavy, active development and not yet integrated with Monero. When Kovri is integrated into your Monero @node, your transactions will be more secure than ever before.
[Kovri](https://gitlab.com/kovri-project/kovri/) 是@I2P网络的c++实现。@Kovri目前正在进行大规模且积极地开发，还没有集成到门罗币。当Kovri集成到你的门罗币@节点当中时，你的交易将比以前更加安全。
### In-depth information
### 深度信息
Kovri will protect you and Monero from:
Kovri 会保护你和门罗币免于:
- @Node partitioning attacks
- Associations between a particular txid and your IP address
- Mining and/or running a node in highly adversarial environments
- Metadata leakage (e.g., @OpenAlias lookups)
- @节点分区攻击
- 特定txid和你的IP地址之间的关联
- 在高度对抗的环境中挖矿和/或运行节点
- 元数据泄漏（例如：@OpenAlias查找）
...and much more.
…和更多。
Read [anonimal's FFS proposal](https://forum.getmonero.org/9/work-in-progress/86967/anonimal-s-kovri-full-time-development-funding-thread) for more details and for reasoning behind the project. Also read the FAQ and User Guide in the [Kovri repository](https://gitlab.com/kovri-project/kovri/).
### @Kovri / @I2P Terminology
#### Client + API
- @Address-Book
- @Base32-address
- @Base64-address
- @Canonically-unique-host
- @Eepsite (@Hidden-Service, @Garlic-Site, @Garlic-Service)
- @I2PControl
- @Jump-Service
- @Locally-unique-host
- @Reseed
- @Subscription
#### Core + Router
- @Clearnet
- @Data-Directory
- @Destination
- @Encryption
- @Floodfill
- @Garlic-Encryption
- @Garlic-Routing
- @I2NP
- @In-net
- @Java-I2P
- @Layered-Encryption
- @Lease
- @LeaseSet
- @Message @Messages
- @NTCP
- @Network-Database
- @Router-Info
- @SSU
- @Transports
- @Tunnel
请阅读 [anonimal的FFS提案](https://forum.getmonero.org/9/work-in-progress/86967/anonimal-s-kovri-full-time-development-funding-thread) 了解更多细节和项目背后的推理. 也请阅读[Kovri库](https://gitlab.com/kovri-project/kovri/)中的常见问题和用户指南.

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["LeaseSet", "LeaseSets"]
summary: "Contains all currently authorized Leases for a particular I2P Destination"
---
### 基础知识
一个租约集包含一组针对一个特定@目标的授权@租约（和其他相关信息）。
### 深度信息
租约集包含:
- 为一个特定@目标，目前授权的所有@租约
- 可以被加密的大蒜消息的公钥（参见@大蒜路由）
- 用于撤销此结构的特定版本的签名公钥
租约集是存储在@网络数据库中的两个结构之一（另一个是@路由器信息），其密钥来自所包括目标的SHA256。
### 备注
要了解更多细节，请阅读@Java-I2P的[租约集](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/how/network-database#leaseSet)

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Lease", "Leases"]
summary: "Authorizes an I2P tunnel to receive messages targeting a destination"
---
### 基础知识
一个租约定义了一个特定@I2P网络@隧道的授权，用于接收对准一个@目标的@消息。
### 深度信息
要了解更多细节，请阅读@Java-I2P的[租约](https://geti2p.net/spec/common-structures#lease)

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@ -4,17 +4,17 @@ terms: ["Locally-unique-host"]
summary: "A host defined by you and resolved only by you"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A locally-unique host is a [FQDN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FQDN) defined by **you** and resolved only by you; similar to how a [hosts file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file)) is implemented. Not to be confused with @canonically-unique-host.
本地唯一主机是由**您**定义并仅由您解析的[完全限定域名](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FQDN); 类似一个[域名解析文件](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file))是如何执行的。不要与@标准唯一主机混淆。
### In-depth information
### 深度信息
You have the option to share your interpretation of how the host is resolved (e.g., `localhost` always resolves to `127.0.0.1`) but the resolution is not canonically enforced (e.g., someone else can map `localhost` to any arbitrary IP address).
您可以选择共享您对主机解析方式的诠释（例如，“本地主机”总是解析为“127.0.0.1”），但是解析被不正规的执行（例如，其他人可以将“本地主机”映射到任意IP地址）。
Hosts in a public subscription can be considered @canonically-unique-host's within the @I2P network but, ultimately, you are free to re-define them as you wish.
在@I2P网络中，公共订阅中的主机可以被认为是@标准唯一主机，但最终，您可以自由地重新定义它们。
### Notes
### 备注
- Monero primarily uses @canonically-unique-host resolution while @I2P only uses @locally-unique-host resolution.
- @I2P's and @Kovri's assigned top-level domain is currently `.i2p` and @Kovri intends to only process/use the `.i2p` [top-level domain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_level_domain)
- 门罗币主要使用@标准唯一主机解析，而@I2P只使用@本地唯一主机解析。
- @I2P和@Kovri的自定义顶级域名当前为 `.i2p` ，@Kovri只打算处理/使用 `.i2p` [顶级域名](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_level_domain)

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Message", "Messages"]
summary: "The mechanisms in which information travels within I2P"
---
### 基础知识
*消息*（存在于@传输层之上）包含网络所需的各种类型的信息，但最重要的是，您看到的、做的、发送的或接收的所有内容都将以*消息*的形式来来回回。
在@I2P中有两种基本类型的*消息*:
- @隧道消息
- @I2NP消息
本质上:*@隧道消息* **包含** @I2NP **消息片段**，然后在@隧道路径中的某些点[重新组装](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/tunnels/implementation)。
### 深度信息
@I2NP消息与@隧道@消息关系密切，因此在阅读@Java-I2P规范时，很容易混淆术语*消息*:
>
1. 首先，隧道网关积累了大量的I2NP消息，并将它们预处理成隧道消息进行传输。
2. 接下来，网关对预处理数据进行加密，然后将其转发到第一个跃点。
3. 该对等节点和随后的隧道参与者打开加密层，验证它不是副本，然后将其转发给下一个对等节点。
4. 最终，隧道消息到达端点，在此端点，按请求重新组装和转发最初由网关绑定的I2NP消息。
### 备注
-@I2NP@消息需要被分割，因为它们的大小是可变的（从0到几乎64 KB），而@隧道@消息的大小是固定的（大约1 KB）。
-有关详细信息和规范，请访问[I2NP规范](https://geti2p.net/spec/i2np)和[隧道消息规范](https://geti2p.net/spec/tunnel-message)

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@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ terms: ["mining", "miner", "miners"]
summary: "the process of cryptographically computing a mathematical proof for a block, containing a number of transactions, which is then added to the blockchain"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
The process of cryptographically computing a mathematical proof for a block, containing a number of transactions, which is then added to the blockchain.
一种以密码方式计算一个区块的数学证明的过程，该区块包含一定数量的交易，然后将这些交易添加到区块链中。
Mining is the distributed process of confirming transactions on the public ledger of all transactions, aka @blockchain. Monero nodes use the blockchain to distinguish legitimate transactions from attempts to re-spend coins that have already been spent elsewhere.
挖矿是确认交易的分布式过程，在所有交易的公共账簿，即@区块链上。门罗币节点使用区块链来区分合法交易和试图再次使用已经在其他地方用过的币。
Monero is powered strictly by Proof of Work. It employs a mining algorithm that has the potential to be efficiently tasked to billions of existing devices (any modern x86 CPU and many GPUs). Monero uses a variant of CryptoNight Proof of Work (PoW) algorithm, which is designed for use in ordinary CPUs and GPUs.
门罗币由严格的工作量证明驱动。它采用了一种挖矿算法，这种算法有可能被有效地分配于数十亿现有设备（任何现代的x86构架CPU和许多gpu）。门罗币使用了CryptoNight工作证明算法的一种变体，该算法设计用于普通CPU和GPU。
The smart mining feature allows transparent CPU mining on the user's computer, far from the de facto centralization of mining farms and pool mining, pursuing Satoshi Nakamoto's original vision of a true P2P currency.
该智能挖矿功能允许透明的CPU在用户的计算机上进行挖矿，完全不像目前很多事实上中心化的矿场以及矿池，而是追求中本聪对真正P2P货币的最初设想。

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summary: "a 13 or 25 word phrase used to backup a Monero account, available in a number of languages"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A 13 or 25 word phrase used to backup a Monero account, available in a number of languages. This 25-word phrase (13 words in the case of MyMonero) has all the information needed to view and spend funds from a Monero @account.
一个13或25个单词的词组，用于备份门罗币帐户，有多个语种可用。这个25个单词组成的词组（MyMonero钱包用的是13个单词组成的词组，与大部分其它钱包不通用）是你需要的所有信息，用来查看和使用罗币@帐户的资金```
### In-depth Information
In the official wallet, the mnemonic seed comprises 25 words with the last word being used as a checksum. Those words correspond to a 256-bit integer, which is the account's *private* @spend-key. The *private* @view-key is derived by hashing the private spend key with Keccak-256, producing a second 256-bit integer. The corresponding *public* keys are then derived from the private keys.
### 深度信息
By storing the 25 word mnemonic key in a secure location, you have a backup of your private keys and hence all of your Moneroj. Sharing this 25 word key is the equivalent of allowing another person complete access to your funds.
在官方钱包中，助记种子由25个单词组成，最后一个单词用作校验和。这些单词对应一个256位整数，即帐户的*私有* @支付密钥。
It's not a good idea to store more than you want to lose in a "hot wallet" aka a wallet which is currently or has ever been connected to the internet or loaded onto any device that has or may in the future be connected to the internet or any untrusted source!
*私有* @查看密钥是通过用Keccak-256散列私有支付密钥得到的，生成第二个256位整数。然后，从私有密钥派生出相应的*公开*密钥。
By creating a cold, or @paper-wallet you can safely store Moneroj.
通过将25个单词的助记词存储在一个安全的位置，您可以备份您的私钥，从而备份您所有的门罗币。分享这25个单词的密钥相当于允许其他人完全使用您的资金。
不要把太多（超过你所能承受的损失的数量）的币存在一个热钱包里面，热钱包指的是现在或曾经被联网的钱包，或在任何曾经或将来会联网的设备上加载的钱包，或在不可信来源上载入的钱包。
通过创建一个冷钱包，或@纸钱包，来安全地存储门罗币。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Network-Database"]
summary: "A distributed database which contains needed router information so the network can stay intact"
---
### 基础知识
@网络数据库是一个[分布式数据库](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_database)，其中包含对等节点必须使用的路由器信息，这样网络才能保持完整。
### 深度信息
来自 @Java-I2P:
>
@I2P的@网络数据库是一个专门的分布式数据库，只包含两种类型的数据—路由器联系信息(@路由器信息)和@目标联系信息(@租约集)。每一段数据都由适当的一方签署，并由使用或存储它的任何人验证。此外，数据中还包含活跃的信息，允许删除不相关的条目，更新的条目替换旧的条目，以及抵御某些类型的攻击。
>
@网络数据库使用一种称为“@泛洪填充”的简单技术进行分布式，其中所有路由器的一个子集（称之为“@泛洪填充路由器”）维护分布式数据库。
### 备注
详情请阅读[网络数据库](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/how/network-database)。

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@ -3,22 +3,25 @@ terms: ["node", "nodes", "full-node", "full-nodes"]
summary: "a device on the Internet running the Monero software, with a full copy of the Monero blockchain, actively assisting the Monero network"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A device on the Internet running the Monero software, with a full copy of the Monero blockchain, actively assisting the Monero network.
一种在互联网上运行门罗币软件的设备，带有完整的门罗币区块链备份，积极协助门罗币网络。不在本地运行的节点叫做@远程节点。如果只是私人使用的话，远程节点可以是私有的，如果其他人也使用的话，就是开放的。
### More Information
### 深度信息
Nodes participate in the Monero network and secure @transactions by enforcing the rules of the network. Nodes download the entire @blockchain to know what transactions have taken place. Nodes assist the network by relaying transactions to other nodes on the network. Nodes may also choose to contribute to the Monero network by participating in crafting @blocks (this is called @mining).
节点参与门罗币网络，并通过执行网络规则来保护@交易。节点下载整个@区块链以了解发生了什么交易。节点通过将交易转播到网络上的其他节点来辅助网络。节点也可以通过参与创造@区块（这被称为@挖矿）来为门罗币网络做出贡献。
Mining is the process by which nodes create a block from the previously accepted block, transactions that are waiting to be processed in the transaction pool, and the @coinbase-transaction. When a node believes it has crafted a valid block it will transmit the completed block to other nodes on the network and those nodes signal agreement by working on the next block in the chain.
The rules that nodes follow are built into the Monero software; When all nodes agree about the rules to follow this is called @consensus. Consensus is necessary for a cryptocurrency because it is how the blockchain is built; If nodes don't agree about which blocks are valid, for example people who have not updated their Monero software, those nodes that don't agree will no longer be able to participate in the Monero network.
挖矿是节点从以前接受的区块，在交易池中等待被处理的交易，以及@coinbase交易，创建一个新区块的过程。当一个节点认为它创建了一个有效的区块时，它将把完成的区块传输到网络上的其他节点，这些节点通过处理链中的下一个区块来发出同意信号。
The Monero Core Team plans for a network upgrade every 6 months, to occur in October and April of each year. At that time, if you are running a node it must be updated to the most recent version of the Monero software or it will no longer be able to participate in the network.
节点遵循的规则内置在门罗币软件中;当所有节点都同意遵循的规则时，被称为@共识。共识对于加密货币是必要的，因为它是区块链的构建方式;如果节点不同意哪些区块是有效的，例如没有更新门罗币软件的人，那些不同意的节点将不能再参与到门罗币网络当中。
门罗币核心团队计划每6个月进行一次网络升级。升级期间，如果您正在运行一个节点，那么它必须更新到门罗币软件的最新版本，否则它将不能再参与到网络当中。
---
##### Other Resources
<sub>1. *Fluffypony gives a great explanation of why mandatory network upgrades are good for Monero.* ([Monero Missives for the Week of 2016-06-20](https://getmonero.org/2016/06/20/monero-missive-for-the-week-of-2016-06-20.html))</sub>
##### 其它资源
<sub>1. *Fluffypony很好地解释了为什么强制的网络升级对门罗币很有好处。* （[门罗币公函_周：2016-06-20](https://getmonero.org/2016/06/20/monero-missive-for-the-week-of-2016-06-20.html)）</sub>

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["NTCP"]
summary: "NIO-Based TCP (Non-blocking I/O based TCP): one of two Kovri transports"
---
### 基础知识
*基于NIO（非阻塞I/O）的TCP（传输控制协议）*是@Kovri的两种加密@传输之一。
与@SSU类似，@NTCP的*主要*目的是通过@隧道安全地传输@网内@I2NP消息，但与@SSU不同，@NTCP的功能仅通过加密的[TCP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol)。
### 深度信息
- 传递个别@I2NP消息（标准及时间同步）后:
- TCP已经建立
- 建立顺序已完成
- 使用以下@加密:
- 2048位 [Diffie-Hellman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie-hellman)
- [AES-256](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard)/[CBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation)
- 建立序列有以下*状态*:
- 准备建立
- 建立
- 已建立或“建立完成”
- 使用以下来自@网络数据库:
- 传输名称:NTCP
- 主机:IP （IPv4或IPv6）或主机名（缩写IPv6地址（带“::”）是允许的）
- 端口:1024 - 65535
### 备注
更多详细信息，请阅读@Java-I2P的[NTCP](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/transport/ntcp)

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@ -3,16 +3,19 @@ terms: ["OpenAlias"]
summary: "a standard that allows you to use an email or domain syntax to pay someone instead of an address, eg. donate@getmonero.org or donate.getmonero.org"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
The Monero Core Team released a standard called OpenAlias which permits much more human-readable addresses and "squares" the Zooko's triangle. OpenAlias can be used for any cryptocurrency and is already implemented in Monero, Bitcoin (in latest Electrum versions) and HyperStake.
门罗币核心团队发布了一个名为 OpenAlias 的标准，该标准允许更多人类可读的地址，并“解决”了 Zooko 三角（人性化-去中心化-安全）。
OpenAlias seeks to provide a way to simplify aliasing amidst a rapidly shifting technology climate. Users are trying to cross the bridge to private and cryptographically secure infrastructure and systems, but many of them have just barely started remembering the email addresses of their friends and family.
OpenAlias可以用于任何加密货币，并且已经在门罗币、比特币（在最新的 Electrum 版本中）和 HyperStake 中实现了。
As part of the ongoing development of the Monero cryptocurrency project, we asked ourselves: how can we simplify payments for users unfamiliar with cryptocurrency? Monero stealth addresses are at least 95 characters long - memorizing them is not an option, and asking someone to send a payment to <95-character-string> is only going to lead to confusion.
OpenAlias 旨在为快速变化的技术环境提供一种简化别名的方法。用户努力尝试，进入私有的、加密的安全基础设施和系统，然而他们中的许多人才刚刚开始记住朋友和家人的电子邮件地址。
At its most basic, OpenAlias is a TXT DNS record on a FQDN (fully qualified domain name). By combining this with DNS-related technologies we have created an aliasing standard that is extensible for developers, intuitive and familiar for users, and can interoperate with both centralized and decentralized domain systems.
作为正在进行的门罗币项目开发的一部分，我们问自己：如何为不熟悉加密货币的用户简化支付？门罗币的隐形地址至少有95个字符——长时间记忆它们是不现实的，并且要求某人向一个<95个字符长的字符串>发起付款只会导致混淆。
A standard that allows you to use an email or domain syntax to pay someone instead of an address, eg. donate@getmonero.org or donate.getmonero.org.
在最基本的层面上，OpenAlias是 FQDN（完全限定域名）上的一个 DNS 文本记录。通过将它跟与 DNS 相关的技术相结合，我们创建了一个别名标准，该标准对开发人员可扩展，对用户来说直观且熟悉，并且可以与中心化和去中心化的域系统交互操作。
More information can be found on the [OpenAlias page](/the-monero-project/) or on the [OpenAlias website](https://openalias.org)
该标准允许你使用电子邮件或域名语法而不是地址付款。
例如：donate@getmonero.org 或 donate.getmonero.org
更多信息可以在 [OpenAlias 页面](/the-monero-project/) 或 [OpenAlias 网站](https://openalias.org)上找到。

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@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ terms: ["paperwallet", "paperwallets", "paper-wallet", "paper-wallets"]
summary: "A paper wallet stores the information necessary to send and receive Monero"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A paper wallet stores the information necessary to send and receive Monero.
纸钱包储存着发送和接收门罗币的必要信息。

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@ -3,26 +3,24 @@ terms: ["payment-ID", "payment-IDs"]
summary: "an optional flag that is added to identify transactions to merchants, consisting of 64 hexadecimal characters"
---
*Note:* Long Payment IDs have been removed since release 0.15; it's not possible to use them anymore. More info in the [blog post](https://getmonero.org/2019/06/04/Long-Payment-ID-Deprecation.html) that announced their deprecation.
### 基础知识
{% include untranslated.html %}
### The Basics
支付ID是一个**任意**和**可选**交易附件，包含32字节（64个十六进制字符）或8字节（在集成地址的情况下）。
Payment ID is an **arbitrary** and **optional** transaction attachment that consists of 32 bytes (64 hexadecimal characters) or 8 bytes (in the case of integrated addresses).
支付ID通常用于识别商家和交易所的交易：鉴于门罗币内置的固有隐私特性，其中一个公共地址通常用于转入的交易，支付ID对于将转入的款项与用户帐户绑定在一起尤其有用。
The Payment ID is usually used to identify transactions to merchants and exchanges: Given the intrinsic privacy features built into Monero, where a single public address is usually used for incoming transactions, the Payment ID is especially useful to tie incoming payments with user accounts.
### 紧凑的支付ID和集成地址
### Compact Payment IDs and Integrated Addresses
自0.9 Hydrogen Helix 版本以来，支付ID可以加密并嵌入到一个支付地址中。这种类型的支付ID应该是64位的，并且使用只有发送方和接收方知道的随机一次性密钥进行加密。
Since the 0.9 Hydrogen Helix version, Payment IDs can be encrypted and embedded in a payment address. The Payment IDs of this type should be 64-bits and are encrypted with a random one-time key known only to the sender and receiver.
### 创建一个支付ID
### Creating a Payment ID
It is recommended to use the official wallet's `integrated_address` command to automatically generate Integrated Addresses that contain Compact Payment IDs. If you want to use the command line, you can generate Payment IDs as follows:
建议使用官方钱包的 `integrated_address` 命令自动生成包含紧凑支付ID的集成地址。如果你想使用命令行，你可以用一下方法生成支付ID:
Creating a compact Payment ID for an Integrated Address:
为综合地址创建一个紧凑的支付ID:
```# openssl rand -hex 8```
Creating an old-style Payment ID:
创建一个老式的支付ID:
```# openssl rand -hex 32```

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@ -3,20 +3,20 @@ terms: ["commitments", "commitment", "pedersen", "pedersen-commitment", "pederse
summary: "Pedersen commitments are cryptographic algorythms that allow a prover to commit to a certain value without revealing it or being able to change it"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
Pedersen commitments are cryptographic algorythms that allow a prover to commit to a certain value without revealing it or being able to change it.
佩德森承诺是一种密码算法，它允许验证者在不暴露或无法更改某个值的情况下提交该值。
When you spend Monero, the value of the inputs that you are spending and the value of the outputs you are sending are encrypted and opaque to everyone except the recipient of each of those outputs. Pedersen commitments allow you to send Monero without revealing the value of the transactions. Pedersen commitments also make it possible for people to verify that transactions on the blockchain are valid and not creating Monero out of thin air.
当您使用门罗币时，您所花费的输入值和您发送的输出值，对每个人都是加密且不透明的，除了这些输出的接收者。佩德森承诺允许您在不透露交易金额的情况下发送门罗币。佩德森承诺还使人们能够验证区块链上的交易是有效的，而不是凭空创造门罗币。
### What It Means
### 它意味着什么
As long as the encrypted output amounts created, which include an output for the recipient and a change output back to the sender, and the unencrypted transaction fee is equal to the sum of the inputs that are being spent, it is a legitimate transaction and can be confirmed to not be creating Monero out of thin air.
只要加密输出金额创建了,其中就包括一个输出给接收方和一个找零输出回到发送方,而未加密的交易费等于被支付的输入和，它是一个合法的交易，可以确认不是凭空创造门罗币。
Pedersen commitments mean that the sums can be verified as being equal, but the Monero value of each of the sums and the Monero value of the inputs and outputs individually are undeterminable. Pedersen commitments also mean that even the ratio of one input to another, or one output to another is undeterminable.
佩德森承诺意味着可以验证的和是相等的，但是每个和的门罗币数量以及个体的输入和输出的门罗币值是不确定的。佩德森承诺还意味着，即使是一种输入与另一种输入的比例，或者一种输出与另一种输出的比例，也是无法确定的。
It is unclear which inputs are really being spent as the ring signature lists both the real inputs being spent and decoy inputs, therefore you don't actually know which input Pedersen commitments need to be summed. That's okay, because the @RingCT ring signature only has to prove that for one combination of the inputs the outputs are equal to the sum of the inputs. For mathematical reasons, this is impossible to forge.
目前还不清楚哪些输入真正被使用，因为环签名列出了实际使用的输入和诱饵输入，因此您实际上并不知道需要对哪些输入佩德森承诺进行求和。这没关系，因为@环机密交易中，环签名只需要证明对于输入的一个组合，输出和等于输入和。由于数学上的原因，这是不可能伪造的。
### In-depth Information
### 深度信息
See information in [Ring Confidential Transactions paper](https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098.pdf) by Shen Noether of the Monero Research Lab.
参见，门罗币研究实验室的 Shen Noether 撰写的[环机密交易论文](https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098.pdf)。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Reseed"]
summary: "The method of which Kovri uses to bootstrap into the I2P network"
---
### 基础知识
当您第一次启动@Kovri（或者它已经离线很长时间了）时，@Kovri将需要一个对等节点列表来连接，以便[引导](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrap)进入@I2P网络。@Kovri从存储在补种服务器上的特殊文件中获取这些节点。在这个文件里是@Kovri为了与@I2P对等节点连接而需要的各种各样的信息。
### 深度信息
@Kovri有一个[硬编码](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard-coded)补种服务器列表可以用于获取。这些服务器使用[HTTPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPS)在@明网上安全地提供一个[SU3](https://geti2p.net/spec/updates#su3)文件(通过加密@签名来签署)。这个SU3文件包含用于验证文件及其内容完整性的信息。
除了验证和处理该文件所需的技术元素之外，该文件的主要内容还包括一系列@路由器信息文件，@Kovri和@I2P路由器使用这些文件来定位并与其他@I2P对等节点通信。然后将这些对等节点存储到@网络数据库中。

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summary: "total number of possible signers in a ring signature"
---
### The Basics
Ring size refers to the total number of possible signers in a @ring-signature. If a ring size of 4 is selected for a given @transaction, this means that there are 3 foreign outputs in addition to your “real” output. A higher ring size number will typically provide more privacy than a lower number. However, reusing an odd, recognizable ring size number for transactions could possibly make transactions stand out.
### 基础知识
`Ring size = foreign outputs + 1 (your output)`
环尺寸是指@环签名中可能的签名者的总数。如果为一个给定的@交易选择了一个4的环尺寸，这意味着除了“实际”输出之外，还要有3个外部输出。一个较大的环尺寸通常比一个较小的环尺寸能提供的隐私性更多。然而，为交易反复使用一个奇数的、可识别的环尺寸可能会使交易显得突出。
`环尺寸 = 外部输出 + 1（您的输出）`

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summary: "a way to hide the amount sent in a Monero transaction"
---
### The Basics
RingCT, short for Ring Confidential Transactions, is how transaction amounts are hidden in Monero.
### 基础知识
Ring CT was implemented in block #1220516 in January 2017. After September 2017, this feature became mandatory for all transactions on the network.
RingCT 是 Ring Confidential Transactions（环机密交易）的缩写，是门罗币中隐藏交易金额的方式。
RingCT introduces an improved version of @ring-signatures called "A Multi-layered Linkable Spontaneous Anonymous Group signature", which allows for hidden amounts, origins and destinations of transactions with reasonable efficiency and verifiable, trustless coin generation.
环机密交易于2017年1月在区块1220516上实施。2017年9月以后，该功能成为门罗币网络上所有交易的强制性功能。
For more information, please read the creator Shen Noether's paper [here](https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098).
环机密交易引入了@环签名的一个改进版本，称为“一个多层可链接的自发匿名群签名”，它允许以合理的效率和可验证的、去信任的（无需信任做为前提条件的）货币生成，来隐藏交易金额、来源和目的地。
更多信息，请阅读作者 Shen Noether 的论文在[此处](https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098)。

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@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ terms: ["ring-signature", "ring-signatures"]
summary: "a group of cryptographic signatures with at least one real participant, but no way to tell which in the group is the real one as they all appear valid"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
In cryptography, a ring signature is a type of digital signature that can be performed by any member of a group of users that each have keys. Therefore, a message signed with a ring signature is endorsed by someone in a particular group of people. One of the security properties of a ring signature is that it should be computationally infeasible to determine *which* of the group members' keys was used to produce the signature.
在密码学中，环形签名是一种数字签名，可以由一组用户中的任何成员执行，每个用户都有密钥。因此，一个带有环签名的消息是由特定人群中的某个人背书的。环签名的安全特性之一是，不能通过计算确定*哪个*组成员的密钥才是签名。
For instance, a ring signature could be used to provide an anonymous signature from "a high-ranking White House official", without revealing which official signed the message. Ring signatures are right for this application because the anonymity of a ring signature cannot be revoked, and because the group for a ring signature can be improvised (requires no prior setup).
例如，环签名可以用来提供一种来自“白宫高级官员”的匿名签名，而不透露是哪位官员签署了这条信息。环签名适合这个应用，因为环签名的匿名性不能被撤销，而且一个环签名的是可以临时组成的（不需要预先设置）。
### Application to Monero
### 于门罗币的应用
A ring signature makes use of your @account keys and a number of public keys (also known as outputs) pulled from the @blockchain using a triangular distribution method. Over the course of time, past outputs could be used multiple times to form possible signer participants. In a "ring" of possible signers, all ring members are equal and valid. There is no way an outside observer can tell which of the possible signers in a signature group belongs to your @account. So, ring signatures ensure that transaction outputs are untraceable. Moreover, there are no @fungibility issues with Monero given that every transaction output has plausible deniability (e.g. the network can not tell which outputs are spent or unspent).
一个环签名，由你的@账户密钥以及通过三角形分布方法从@区块链中提取的多个公钥（也称为输出）组成。随着时间的推移，可以多次使用过去的输出来形成可能的签名参与者。在可能的签名者的“环”中，所有的环成员都是平等和有效的。外部观察者无法知道签名组中哪些签名者属于您的@账户。因此，环签名确保交易输出不可跟踪。此外，门罗币不存在@可替换性的问题，因为每个交易输出都有合理的可否认性（例如，网络无法分辨哪些输出已使用或未使用）。
To read how Monero gives you privacy by default (unlinkability), see @stealth-addresses.
要了解门罗币如何在默认情况下提供隐私（不可链接性），请参见@混淆地址。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Router-Info", "Router-infos"]
summary: "A data structure or file which contains an I2P peer's needed network information"
---
### 基础知识
@路由器信息是一个数据结构（定期写入[二进制文件](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_file)），其中包含定位、标识和与@I2P对等节点通信所需的所有信息。@路由器信息包括IP地址、路由器标识和其他各种各样的技术细节;用于@网络数据库，并发布到@泛洪填充路由器。
### 深度信息
以人类可读的形式表现，路由器信息可能是这样的：
```
Identity: [RouterIdentity:
Hash: nYZ5Qe7gQ-~QgfgJVRUG4c0JnVeVqzM~duUX1EGT1ek=
Certificate: [Certificate: type: Key certificate
Crypto type: 0
Sig type: 7 (EdDSA_SHA512_Ed25519)]
PublicKey: [PublicKey: size: 256]
SigningPublicKey: [SigningPublicKey EdDSA_SHA512_Ed25519: size: 32]
Padding: 96 bytes]
Signature: [Signature EdDSA_SHA512_Ed25519: size: 64]
Published: Sun Oct 09 01:34:59 UTC 2016
Options (5):
[caps] = [LfR]
[netId] = [2]
[netdb.knownLeaseSets] = [37]
[netdb.knownRouters] = [2435]
[router.version] = [0.9.26]
Addresses (4):
[RouterAddress:
Type: SSU
Cost: 4
Options (5):
[caps] = [BC]
[host] = [2a01:e35:8b5c:b240:71a2:6750:8d4:47fa]
[key] = [nYZ5Qe7gQ-~QgfgJVRUG4c0JnVeVqzM~duUX1EGT1ek=]
[mtu] = [1472]
[port] = [22244]]
[RouterAddress:
Type: NTCP
Cost: 9
Options (2):
[host] = [2a01:e35:8b5c:b240:71a2:6750:8d4:47fa]
[port] = [22244]]
[RouterAddress:
Type: SSU
Cost: 6
Options (4):
[caps] = [BC]
[host] = [88.181.203.36]
[key] = [nYZ5Qe7gQ-~QgfgJVRUG4c0JnVeVqzM~duUX1EGT1ek=]
[port] = [22244]]
[RouterAddress:
Type: NTCP
Cost: 11
Options (2):
[host] = [88.181.203.36]
[port] = [22244]]]
```
### 备注
有关详细信息和规范，请访问@Java-I2P [网络数据库](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/how/networkdatabase)页面。

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---
terms: ["scalability"]
summary: "How Monero scaling is flexible and can accommodate many transactions as demand changes"
summary: "Growth potential of Monero, resources required, and methods of increasing efficiency"
---
{% include untranslated.html %}
### The Basics
### 基础知识
The size of Monero @blocks (which contain @transactions) is flexible and can accommodate many transactions as demand changes. Formulas determine how the reward miners receive interacts with the number of transactions they choose to include in blocks. The @blockchain can therefore scale to meet changes in transaction volume.
Scaling may also refer to the ability to conduct certain types of intermediate transactions safely without interacting with a blockchain. Monero does not currently support native off-chain solutions like atomic swaps, since its privacy features do not permit the use of required functionality like non-interactive refund transactions or complex scripting. However, academic and industry research is ongoing and promising in this area.
门罗币没有硬编码的最大区块尺寸，这意味着与比特币不同，它没有防止扩展的 1MB 区块尺寸的限制。然而，该协议中内置了区块奖励惩罚机制，以避免区块尺寸的过度增长：将新区块的大小（new block's size，简称：NBS）与前100个区块的中值大小 M100 进行比较。如果NBS>M100，区块奖励在 NBS 超过 M100 多少的二次依赖关系中减少。例如，如果 NBS 比M100 大【10%、50%、80%、100%】，则名义区块奖励降低【1%、25%、64%、100%】。一般情况下，区块是不允许大于 2*M100 的，并且小于等于 60kB 的块是不会受到任何区块奖励惩罚。

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@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ terms: ["signature", "signatures"]
summary: "a cryptographic method for proving ownership of a piece of information, as well as proving that the information has not been modified after being signed"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A cryptographic method for proving ownership of a piece of information, as well as proving that the information has not been modified after being signed.
一种加密方法，用于证明一段信息的所有权，以及证明该信息在签名后未被修改。

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@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ terms: ["smart-mining"]
summary: "a process of having a throttled miner mine when it otherwise does not cause drawbacks"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
Smart mining is the process of having a throttled @miner mine when it otherwise does not cause drawbacks.
Drawbacks include increases heat, slower machine, depleting battery, etc. The intent of smart mining is to increase network security by allowing as many people as possible to let the smart miner on all the time. For this to work, the miner must prove unobtrusive, or it will be turned off, depriving the Monero network from a little bit of security. As such, it is likely that a smart miner will mine slower than a normal miner on the same hardware.
智能挖矿是一种在不造成损害的情况下，使用降频@矿工程序挖矿的过程。
损害包括增加发热量，使机器变慢，耗尽电池等。智能挖矿的目的是通过允许尽可能多的人让智能矿工程序一直工作来提高网络安全。要使这一功能发挥作用，矿工程序必须证明不引人注目，否则它将被关闭，进而剥夺了门罗币的一些网络安全。因此，在相同的硬件上，智能矿工程序的挖矿速度可能比普通矿工程序要慢。
Smart mining is available in the official CLI and GUI wallet, which are available in the [downloads page]({{ site.baseurl }}/downloads/).
智能挖矿功能可以在官方的 CLI 和 GUI 钱包中找到，钱包可以在[下载页面](https://getmonero.org/downloads/)中进行下载。
It is hoped that the relative slowness of a smart miner (especially on low-power machines) will be offset by the large amount of people running a miner for a possible "lottery win", and thus increase the Monero network security by a non trivial amount. The increased hash rate from many different sources helps keep the Monero network decentralized.
希望智能矿工（尤其是在低功耗机器上）的相对慢速，能够被大量的人运行矿工程序所弥补，这些人的目标是中个大奖，从而使门罗币网络安全获得不小的提高。从许多不同来源增加的算力有助于维护门罗币网络的去中心化。

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@ -3,12 +3,11 @@ terms: ["spend-key", "spend-keys"]
summary: "one of the two pairs of private and public cryptographic keys that each account has, with the *private* spend key used to spend any funds in the account"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
One of the two pairs of private and public cryptographic keys that each account has, with the *private* spend key used to spend any funds in the account.
### In-depth Information
The *private* spend key is a 256-bit integer that is used to sign Monero transactions. With the current deterministic key derivation method of the official wallet, the private spend key is also an alternate representation of the @mnemonic-seed. It can be used to derive all other account keys.
每个帐户拥有的两对私钥和公钥中的一对，其中*私有的*支付密钥(私钥)，用于花费帐户中的任何资金。
### 深度信息
*私有的*支付密钥是一个256位的整数，用于对门罗币的交易进行签名。使用当前官方钱包的确定性密钥推导方法，私有的支付密钥也是@助记词种子的另一种表示形式。它可以用来派生账户中所有的其它密钥。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["SSU"]
summary: "Secure Semi-reliable UDP: one of two Kovri transports"
---
### 基础知识
*安全半可靠UDP（用户数据报协议）*是@Kovri的两种加密@传输方式之一。
与@NTCP类似，@SSU的*主要*目的是通过@隧道安全地传输@网内@I2NP消息，但与@NTCP不同，@SSU功能仅通过加密的[UDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol)。
### 深度信息
- 与@NTCP一样，@SSU也是面向连接的点对点数据传输
- 称为“半可靠”，因为@SSU将重复转发“未确认的”消息（达到最大数量则丢弃）。
- @SSU还提供了几个独特的服务（除了它作为@传输层的功能）:
- IP检测（本地检测或使用[对等节点测试](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/transport/ssu#peerTesting)）
- [网络地址转换](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation)遍历 （使用[介绍人](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/transport/ssu#introduction)）
- [防火墙](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_%28computing%29)状态，如果执行，@SSU可以通知@NTCP如果外部地址或防火墙状态发生变化
### 备注
更多细节，请阅读@Java-I2P的[SSU](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/transport/ssu)

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@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ terms: ["stealth-address", "stealth-addresses"]
summary: "automatic one-time addresses for every transaction"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
Stealth addresses are an important part of Monero's inherent privacy. They allow and require the sender to create random one-time addresses for every @transaction on behalf of the recipient. The recipient can publish just one address, yet have all of his/her incoming payments go to unique addresses on the @blockchain, where they cannot be linked back to either the recipient's published address or any other transactions' addresses. By using stealth addresses, only the sender and receiver can determine where a payment was sent.
混淆地址是门罗币固有隐私性的重要组成部分。它们允许并要求发送方代表接收方为每个@交易创建随机的一次性地址。接收方只能发布一个地址，但他/她的所有收入支付都被转到@区块链上的唯一地址，该地址无法链接回接收方发布的地址或任何其他交易的地址。通过使用混淆地址，只有发送方和接收方可以确定付款被发送到何处。
When you create a Monero account you’ll have a private @view-key, a private @spend-key, and a Public Address. The @spend-key is used to send payments, the @view-key is used to display incoming transactions destined for your account, and the Public Address is for receiving payments. Both the @spend-key and @view-key are used to build your Monero address. You can have a “watch only” wallet that only uses the @view-key. This feature can be used for accounting or auditing purposes but is currently unreliable due to the inability to track outgoing transactions. You can decide who can see your Monero balance by sharing your @view-key. Monero is private by default and optionally semi-transparent!
当您创建门罗币帐户时，您将拥有一个私有@查看密钥、一个私有@支付密钥和一个公共地址。@支付密钥用于付款，@查看密钥用于显示发送到您的帐户的收入交易，公共地址用于接收付款。@支付密钥和@查看密钥都用于构建门罗币地址。您可以拥有一个只使用@查看密钥的“仅查看”钱包。此功能可以用于会计或审计目的，但由于无法跟踪转出的交易，目前是不太可靠的。你可以通过分享你的@查看密钥来决定谁可以看到你的门罗币余额。门罗币具有默认的隐私性，以及可选择的半透明性。
When using the Monero Wallet all this is handled by the software. Sending Monero is as easy as entering the destination address, the amount, and pressing Send. To recieve Monero, simply provide the sender your Public Address.
当使用门罗币钱包时，所有这些都是由软件处理的。发送门罗币简单到只需要输入目标地址、金额并按下发送即可。要接收门罗币，只需向发送者提供您的公共地址。
To learn how Monero prevents tracking history (untraceability), see @ring-signatures.
要了解门罗币是如何防止追溯交易历史（不可跟踪性），请参见@环签名。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Subscription"]
summary: "A file used by address book which contains I2P hosts paired with I2P destinations"
---
### 基础知识
订阅是一个包含 `.i2p` 主机列表与各自的@目标配对的文件。订阅由@地址薄使用。
### 深度信息
类似于[域名解析文件](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file))可以将互联网主机名映射到指定的地址，订阅匹配一个 `.i2p` 地址到@base64地址，使用以下格式（不允许空格）： `host=address`
更具体地说，订阅将配对一个@本地唯一主机到@base64地址。
例如:
```
anonimal.i2p=AQZGLAMpI9Q0l0kmMj1vpJJYK3CjLp~fE3MfvE-e7KMKjI5cPOH6EN8m794uHJ6b09qM8mb9VEv1lVLEov~usVliTSXCSHuRBOCIwIOuDNU0AbVa4BpIx~2sU4TxKhoaA3zQ6VzINoduTdR2IJhPvI5xzezp7dR21CEQGGTbenDslXeQ4iLHFA2~bzp1f7etSl9T2W9RID-KH78sRQmzWnv7dbhNodMbpO6xsf1vENf6bMRzqD5vgHEHZu2aSoNuPyYxDU1eM6--61b2xp9mt1k3ud-5WvPVg89RaU9ugU5cxaHgR927lHMCAEU2Ax~zUb3DbrvgQBOTHnJEx2Fp7pOK~PnP6ylkYKQMfLROosLDXinxOoSKP0UYCh2WgIUPwE7WzJH3PiJVF0~WZ1dZ9mg00c~gzLgmkOxe1NpFRNg6XzoARivNVB5NuWqNxr5WKWMLBGQ9YHvHO1OHhUJTowb9X90BhtHnLK2AHwO6fV-iHWxRJyDabhSMj1kuYpVUBQAEAAcAAA==
```
1. `anonimal.i2p` 是@本地唯一主机
2. `=` 是分隔符
3. 剩下的就是@base64地址
### 订阅类型
对于@Kovri，有两种类型的订阅文件：*公开*和*私有*。
*公共*订阅:
-用于启动时使用基本服务（IRC，电子邮件，门罗币等）
-是静态的，每12小时从门罗币的@地址薄服务器刷新一次
-允许您安全地与所有人共享订阅，因为它是公开可用的 （任何共享相同公共订阅的人，也可以将相同的主机名解析到与您相同的目标）
*私有*订阅:
-仅供您使用，除非您明确选择共享文件，否则不会与他人共享
-默认文件是 `private_hosts.txt` 在你的@数据目录中
### 更新私有订阅
您可以使用@跳转服务，手动更新您的私有订阅。更新后的订阅将被送入@地址薄供您使用。
### 备注
要了解如何订阅多个订阅，请参见[用户指南](https://gitlab.com/kovri-project/kovri-docs/blob/master/i18n/en/user_guide.md)。

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@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ terms: ["Tail-Emission"]
summary: "the block reward at the end of the emission curve"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
Monero block rewards will never drop to zero. Block rewards will gradually drop until tail emission commences at the end of May 2022. At this point, rewards will be fixed at 0.6 XMR per block.
门罗币的区块奖励永远不会降到零。区块奖励将逐渐下降，直到2022年5月底开始尾部释放。此时，奖励将固定在每个区块 0.6 XMR。
### Why
### 为什么
Miners need an incentive to mine. Because of the dynamic blocksize, competition between @miners will cause fees to decrease. If mining is not profitable due to a high cost and low reward, miners lose their incentive and will stop mining, reducing the security of the network.
矿工需要激励才会愿意去挖矿。由于门罗币的动态区块尺寸设计，@矿工之间的竞争将导致手续费下降。如果如果挖矿的成本高、报酬却低，这将使挖矿这件事变得无利可图，矿工就会因此失去动力而停止挖矿，由此会导致门罗币网络的安全性降低。
Tail emission ensures that a dynamic block size and fee market can develop.
尾部释放保证了动态区块尺寸和手续费市场的发展。

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@ -3,19 +3,18 @@ terms: ["transaction", "transactions"]
summary: "a cryptographically signed container that details the transfer of Monero to a recipient (or recipients)"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A cryptographically signed container that details the transfer of Monero to a recipient (or recipients).
交易的参数包含一个或多个具有相应资金数额的收件人地址和一个@环尺寸参数，该参数指定绑定到交易的输出数量。使用的输出越多，混淆的程度就越高，但这是有代价的。因为交易越大输出越多，交易费也就越高。
The parameters of a transaction contain one or more recipient addresses with corresponding amounts of funds and a @ring-size parameter that specifies the number outputs bound to the transaction. The more outputs that are used, a higher degree of obfuscation is possible, but that comes with a cost. Since a transaction gets larger with more outputs, the transaction fee will be higher.
可以离线产生交易，这提供了额外的隐私性效益。
It is possible to form a transaction offline, which offers additional privacy benefits.
惟一识别交易的方法是使用可选的支付ID，该ID通常由32字节字符串（64个十六进制字符）。
A transaction can be uniquely identified with the use of an optional Transaction ID, which is usually represented by a 32-byte string (64 hexadecimal characters).
### 深度信息
### In-depth Information
Every transaction involves two keys: a public @spend-key, and a public @view-key. The destination for an output in a transaction is actually a one-time public key computed from these two keys.
每个交易都包含两个密钥：一个公开的@支付密钥和一个公开的@查看密钥。交易中输出的目标实际上是从这两个密钥计算出的一次性公钥。
When a wallet is scanning for incoming transactions, every transaction is scanned to see if it is for "you". This only requires your private view key and your public spend key, and this check is immutable and cannot be faked. You cannot receive transactions and identify them without a corresponding private view key.
当钱包扫描转入的交易时，每笔交易都会被扫描，以查看它是不是属于“你”的。这只需要您的私有的查看密钥和公开的支付密钥，并且该检查是不可变的，不能伪造。如果没有对应的查看私钥，您无法接收交易并标识它们。
In order to spend the funds you have to compute a one-time private spend key for that output. This is almost always done automatically by the Monero Wallet software.
为了使用这些资金，您必须为该输出计算一个一次性的支付私钥。这几乎总是由门罗币的钱包软件自动完成的。

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Transports", "Transport"]
summary: "The two encrypted transport layers for Kovri"
---
### 基础知识
@I2P提供了两种加密传输层技术，允许@Kovri安全地使用[TCP/IP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcp/ip)连接。这些技术(@SSU和@NTCP)被称为*@传输*。
### 深度信息
@SSU加密了[UDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol)， @NTCP加密了[TCP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol)。它们在[传输层](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_layer)提供@加密，因此更高级别的@消息可以通过@I2P网络上的@隧道被发送。
### 备注
- 阅读关于@I2P的传输的内容在 [传输](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/transport) 页面
- 了解 [OSI模型](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model) 中的传输层

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---
tags: ["kovri"]
terms: ["Tunnel", "Tunnels"]
summary: "Uni-directional virtual paths that pass messages through a defined sequence of I2P routers"
---
### 基础知识
当您通过@I2P进行通信时（访问@eep站点 /使用@大蒜服务），首先需要使用@传输连接到对等节点，然后构建虚拟的“隧道”。这些虚拟隧道是临时的单向路径，通过定义的@I2P路由器序列将信息传递到您的@目标。隧道是通过分层的@大蒜加密构建并使用的，它是用于传输所有@I2NP @消息的通用机制。
每个对等节点至少构建*两个*单向隧道：一个用于**出站流量**，另一个用于**入站流量**。这些隧道分为**入站隧道** （其中@消息朝隧道创建者而来）和 **出站隧道** （其中隧道创建者向外发送@消息）。因此，一个往返@消息和对@目标的回复，需要*4条*隧道 （两个用于您的@消息，两个用于您的目标）。
### 深度信息
来自 @Java-I2P:
>
在I2P中，@消息通过对等节点的虚拟隧道在一个方向上传递，使用任何可用的方法将@消息传递到下一跃点。消息到达隧道的网关,捆绑起来和/或分散成固定大小@隧道 @消息,然后转发到下一跃点的隧道, 处理和验证@消息的有效性并将其发送到下一跃点,依此类推,直到它到达@隧道端点。该端点接收由网关打包的消息，并按照指示将其转发到另一个路由器、或另一个路由器上的另一条隧道或本地。
>
隧道的工作原理都是一样的，但可以分为两种——入站隧道和出站隧道。入站隧道有一个不受信任的网关，该网关将消息向下传递给隧道创建者，后者作为隧道端点。对于出站隧道，隧道创建者充当网关，将消息传递到远程端点。
>
隧道的创建者精确地选择哪些对等节点将参与隧道，并为每个对等节点提供必要的配置数据。它们可能有任意数量的跃点。它的意图是让参与者或第三方很难确定隧道的长度,甚至勾结参与者以确定他们是不是相同的隧道的一部分（除非勾结的对等节点他们在隧道中彼此相邻）。
### 备注
来自 @Java-I2P:
>
@I2P本质上是一个包交换网络，即使有了这些隧道，它也可以利用多个并行运行的隧道，提高弹性和平衡负载。尽管I2P内的隧道与电路交换网络相似，但I2P内的所有内容都严格基于消息——隧道仅仅是帮助组织消息传递的会计技巧。对于消息的可靠性或顺序没有做任何假设，重传留给更高的层级（例如I2P的客户端层流媒体库）。
### 文件
有关规范和详细文档，请访问 [隧道-路由](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/how/tunnel-routing) 和 [隧道-实现](https://geti2p.net/en/docs/tunnels/implementation) 页面。

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_i18n/zh-cn/resources/moneropedia/unlocktime.md
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@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ terms: ["unlock-time"]
summary: "a special transaction where the recipient can only spend the funds after a future date, as set by the sender"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A special transaction where the recipient can only spend the funds after a future date, as set by the sender.
一种特殊的交易，在这种交易中，收件人只能在将来某个日期之后才可以使用资金，这是由发送者设定的。
Unlock time allows you to send a transaction to someone, such that they can not spend it until after a certain number of blocks, or until a certain time.
解锁时间允许您向某人发送一笔交易，而接收者就必须在一定数量的区块后，或者直到某一时间才能使用该笔资金。
Note that this works differently than Bitcoin's [nLockTime](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/NLockTime), in which the transaction is not valid until the given time.
注意，这与比特币的 [nLockTime](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/NLockTime) 不同，在比特币的网络当中，交易直到给定的时间才有效。

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@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ terms: ["view-key", "view-keys"]
summary: "one of two sets of private and public cryptographic keys that each account has, with the private view key required to view all transactions related to the account"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
One of two sets of private and public cryptographic keys that each account has, with the private view key required to view all transactions related to the account.
每个帐户拥有的两组私有和公开的加密密钥中的一组，要查看与该帐户相关的所有交易要使用私有的查看密钥。
门罗币提供了一个不透明的区块链（并具备一个显式保障系统，称之为@查看密钥），与任何其他不基于 CryptoNote 底层的加密货币所使用的透明区块链，形成了鲜明的对比。因此，门罗币被称为是 “默认隐私性的同时，具有可选透明性”。
每个门罗币地址都有一个可以共享的私有的查看密钥。通过共享一个查看私钥，用户可以查看该地址的每一笔转入的交易。然而，截至2017年6月，转出交易无法被查看。因此，不应该依赖于通过查看私钥显示的门罗币地址的余额。
Monero features an opaque blockchain (with an explicit allowance system called the @view-key), in sharp contrast with transparent blockchains used by any other cryptocurrency not based on CryptoNote. Thus, Monero is said to be "private, optionally transparent".
Every Monero address has a private viewkey which can be shared. By sharing a viewkey, a person is allowing access to view every incoming transaction for that address. However, outgoing transactions cannot be reliably viewed as of June 2017. Therefore, the balance of a Monero address as shown via a viewkey should not be relied upon.

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@ -3,15 +3,14 @@ terms: ["wallet", "wallets"]
summary: "A wallet stores the information necessary to send and receive Monero"
---
### The Basics
### 基础知识
A Monero account, or wallet, stores the information necessary to send and receive Moneroj. In addition to sending and receiving, the Monero Wallet software keeps a private history of your transactions and allows you to cryptographically sign messages. It also includes Monero mining software and an address book.
门罗币帐户或钱包存储了发送和接收门罗币所需的信息。除了发送和接收之外，门罗币钱包软件还保存了您交易的私人历史记录，并允许您对消息进行加密签名。它还包括门罗币的挖矿软件和地址薄。
The term "hot wallet" describes a Monero @account which is connected to the Internet. You can send funds easily but security is much lower than a cold wallet. Never store large amounts of cryptocurrency in a hot wallet!
术语“热钱包”描述了一个连接到互联网的门罗币@帐户。你可以很容易地把钱发送出去，但安全性要比冷钱包低得多。永远不要在热钱包中存储大量的加密货币!
A cold wallet is generated on a trusted device or computer via an @airgap. If the device is to be reused, the data storage should be securely overwritten. As soon as a cold wallet is connected to the Internet or its mnemonic phrase or @spend-key is entered on an Internet-connected device, it's no longer "cold" and should be considered "hot".
冷钱包是通过@网闸在可信任的设备或计算机上生成的。如果这个设备是被再次使用，应该安全地覆盖数据存储。只要一个冷钱包被连接到互联网，又或许是它的助记词或@支付密钥被输入到一个联网的设备上，那么该设备就不再是“冷的”，而应该被认为是“热的”。
A Monero @paper-wallet can be generated by downloading the source code of https://moneroaddress.org/. Verify the signature of the code on a trusted airgapped device. Create the wallet and print or store it on the media of your choice.
Monero accounts and paper-wallets can be stored on any media - paper, USB drive, CD/DVD, or a hardware wallet device (Ledger available since June 2018).
可以通过下载 https://moneroaddress.org/ 的源代码生成一个门罗币的@纸钱包。在可信的被网闸隔绝的设备上验证代码的签名。创建钱包并打印或存储在您所选择的媒体上。
门罗币账户和纸钱包可以存储在任何媒体上——纸张、U盘、CD/DVD或硬件钱包设备（例如：Ledger 钱包于2018年6月开始支持门罗币）。