fixing typos

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@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ hangouts:
- channel: monero - channel: monero
description: This channel is used to discuss all things Monero related. description: This channel is used to discuss all things Monero related.
- channel: monero-community - channel: monero-community
description: This channel is for the Monero community to congretate and discuss ideas. description: This channel is for the Monero community to congregate and discuss ideas.
- channel: monero-dev - channel: monero-dev
description: The many contributors and developers come here to discuss dev-y things. description: The many contributors and developers come here to discuss dev-y things.
- channel: monero-markets - channel: monero-markets
@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ accepting:
guisteps: "These two pages give everybody the possibility to easily receive XMR following these steps:" guisteps: "These two pages give everybody the possibility to easily receive XMR following these steps:"
guiol: "Go to the 'Receive' page and create/select the address where you want to receive your coins." guiol: "Go to the 'Receive' page and create/select the address where you want to receive your coins."
guiol1: Share the address composed by letters and numbers to the person you want to receive coins from. You probably prefer to use the more user friendly QR code. guiol1: Share the address composed by letters and numbers to the person you want to receive coins from. You probably prefer to use the more user friendly QR code.
guiol2: "If you want to specify the amount to receive, got to the 'Merchant' page (after you selected in the 'Receive' page the @account that will be used to receive XMR)." guiol2: "If you want to specify the amount to receive, go to the 'Merchant' page (after you selected in the 'Receive' page the @account that will be used to receive XMR)."
guiol3: "Insert the amount to receive, then share with the payer the payment URL or the QR code. If you want to track the payment in real time, tick the 'enable sales tracker' option." guiol3: "Insert the amount to receive, then share with the payer the payment URL or the QR code. If you want to track the payment in real time, tick the 'enable sales tracker' option."
guiol4: Wait until the payment is arrived and has enough confirmations (The more confirmations, the safer the transaction is. You need at least 10 confirmations before you can spend the funds.). guiol4: Wait until the payment is arrived and has enough confirmations (The more confirmations, the safer the transaction is. You need at least 10 confirmations before you can spend the funds.).
cliinstructions: Instructions for the CLI cliinstructions: Instructions for the CLI
@ -345,12 +345,12 @@ faq:
monerohow: "Old and known resources with a good number of guides and howto's" monerohow: "Old and known resources with a good number of guides and howto's"
qword: "What's the meaning of [technical word]?" qword: "What's the meaning of [technical word]?"
aword: "The terminology used in Monero can be quite complex, for this reason we have the" aword: "The terminology used in Monero can be quite complex, for this reason we have the"
aword1: "A comprehensive list of terms that you often see and their explanation. If you don't know what a world means or you would like to have more info about it, just visit the Moneropedia. Some example of often searched terms are: @node, @fungibility, @view-key, @pruning." aword1: "A comprehensive list of terms that you often see and their explanation. If you don't know what a word means or you would like to have more info about it, just visit the Moneropedia. Some example of often searched terms are: @node, @fungibility, @view-key, @pruning."
qcontribute: How can I contribute? qcontribute: How can I contribute?
acontribute: "Monero is an open source community project. Meaning that there is no company who runs it and there is no CEO who hires people. Everything is built by volunteers or community-funded contributors who dedicate their time to the project. There are many ways to contribute:" acontribute: "Monero is an open source community project. Meaning that there is no company who runs it and there is no CEO who hires people. Everything is built by volunteers or community-funded contributors who dedicate their time to the project. There are many ways to contribute:"
acontribute1: Translations. It's easy and anybody speaking a language beside English can help. Translations happen mostly on acontribute1: Translations. It's easy and anybody speaking a language beside English can help. Translations happen mostly on
acontribute2: "Contact a Workgroup. Almost everything in Monero is managed by workgroups, which are groups of contributors (often lead by a coordinator) working on some specific aspect of the development. Some examples are: the localization workgroup (translations), the community workgroup, the GUI workgroup, the Outreach workgroup and so on. Workgroups are mostly independent and have their own structure. Contact the workgroup that interests you and ask how you can help. for a list of contacts see the" acontribute2: "Contact a Workgroup. Almost everything in Monero is managed by workgroups, which are groups of contributors (often lead by a coordinator) working on some specific aspect of the development. Some examples are: the localization workgroup (translations), the community workgroup, the GUI workgroup, the Outreach workgroup and so on. Workgroups are mostly independent and have their own structure. Contact the workgroup that interests you and ask how you can help. For a list of contacts see the"
acontribute3: Do what you can do best. Are you a designer? create Monero related images and spread them around. Are you a writer? Write about Monero. The only limit is your imagination. Find what you like to do and do it for Monero! acontribute3: Do what you can do best. Are you a designer? Create Monero related images and spread them around. Are you a writer? Write about Monero. The only limit is your imagination. Find what you like to do and do it for Monero!
acontribute4: "The Outreach workgroup wrote a useful article to help newcomers:" acontribute4: "The Outreach workgroup wrote a useful article to help newcomers:"
q1: How does Monero have value? q1: How does Monero have value?
a1: Monero has value because people are willing to buy it. If no one is willing to buy Monero, then it will not have any value. Moneros price increases if demand exceeds supply, and it decreases if supply exceeds demand. a1: Monero has value because people are willing to buy it. If no one is willing to buy Monero, then it will not have any value. Moneros price increases if demand exceeds supply, and it decreases if supply exceeds demand.
@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ faq:
a12-1: In Monero, every @transaction output is uniquely associated with a key image that can only be generated by the holder of that output. Key images that are used more than once are rejected by the miners as double-spends and cannot be added to a valid @block. When a new transaction is received, miners verify that the key image does not already exist for a previous transaction to ensure it's not a double-spend. a12-1: In Monero, every @transaction output is uniquely associated with a key image that can only be generated by the holder of that output. Key images that are used more than once are rejected by the miners as double-spends and cannot be added to a valid @block. When a new transaction is received, miners verify that the key image does not already exist for a previous transaction to ensure it's not a double-spend.
a12-2: We can also know that transaction amounts are valid even though the value of the inputs that you are spending and the value of the outputs you are sending are encrypted (these are hidden to everyone except the recipient). Because the amounts are encrypted using @Pedersen-commitments what this means is that no observers can tell the amounts of the inputs and outputs, but they can do math on the Pedersen commitments to determine that no Monero was created out of thin air. a12-2: We can also know that transaction amounts are valid even though the value of the inputs that you are spending and the value of the outputs you are sending are encrypted (these are hidden to everyone except the recipient). Because the amounts are encrypted using @Pedersen-commitments what this means is that no observers can tell the amounts of the inputs and outputs, but they can do math on the Pedersen commitments to determine that no Monero was created out of thin air.
a12-3: As long as the encrypted output amounts you create is equal to the sum of the inputs that are being spent (which include an output for the recipient and a change output back to yourself and the unencrypted transaction fee), then you have a legitimate transaction and know no Monero is being created out of thin air. Pedersen commitments mean that the sums can be verified as being equal, but the Monero value of each of the sums and the Monero value of the inputs and outputs individually are undeterminable. a12-3: As long as the encrypted output amounts you create is equal to the sum of the inputs that are being spent (which include an output for the recipient and a change output back to yourself and the unencrypted transaction fee), then you have a legitimate transaction and know no Monero is being created out of thin air. Pedersen commitments mean that the sums can be verified as being equal, but the Monero value of each of the sums and the Monero value of the inputs and outputs individually are undeterminable.
q13: Is Monero magic and protect my privacy no matter what I do? q13: Is Monero magic and protects my privacy no matter what I do?
a13: Monero is not magic. If you use Monero but give your name and address to another party, the other party will not magically forget your name and address. If you give out your secret keys, others will know what you've done. If you get compromised, others will be able to keylog you. If you use a weak password, others will be able to brute force your keys file. If you backup your seed in the cloud, you'll be poorer soon. a13: Monero is not magic. If you use Monero but give your name and address to another party, the other party will not magically forget your name and address. If you give out your secret keys, others will know what you've done. If you get compromised, others will be able to keylog you. If you use a weak password, others will be able to brute force your keys file. If you backup your seed in the cloud, you'll be poorer soon.
q14: Is Monero 100% anonymous? q14: Is Monero 100% anonymous?
a14: There is no such thing as 100% anonymous. If nothing else, your anonymity set is the set of people using Monero. Some people don't use Monero. Monero may also have bugs. Even if not, ways may exist to infer some information through Monero's privacy layers, either now or later. Attacks only get better. If you wear a seatbelt, you can still die in a car crash. Use common sense, prudence and defense in depth. a14: There is no such thing as 100% anonymous. If nothing else, your anonymity set is the set of people using Monero. Some people don't use Monero. Monero may also have bugs. Even if not, ways may exist to infer some information through Monero's privacy layers, either now or later. Attacks only get better. If you wear a seatbelt, you can still die in a car crash. Use common sense, prudence and defense in depth.
@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ faq:
qnodetor: How can I connect my node via Tor? qnodetor: How can I connect my node via Tor?
anodetor: Support for Tor is still in its infancies, but it's already possible to natively send transactions through the network and to run a Monero daemon on the Tor network. Better Tor and I2P integrations are in progress. anodetor: Support for Tor is still in its infancies, but it's already possible to natively send transactions through the network and to run a Monero daemon on the Tor network. Better Tor and I2P integrations are in progress.
qfullpruned: How do I decide if I should run a full node or a pruned node? qfullpruned: How do I decide if I should run a full node or a pruned node?
afullpruned: "A full @node requires a considerable amount of storage and could take a long time to download and verify the entire blockchain, especially on older hardware. If you have limited storage, a pruned node is recommended. It only stores 1/8th of unnecessary blockchain data while keeping the full transaction history. If plenty of storages is available, a full node is recommended but a pruned node still greatly contributes to the network and improves your privacy." afullpruned: "A full @node requires a considerable amount of storage and could take a long time to download and verify the entire blockchain, especially on older hardware. If you have limited storage, a pruned node is recommended. It only stores 1/8th of unnecessary blockchain data while keeping the full transaction history. If plenty of storage is available, a full node is recommended but a pruned node still greatly contributes to the network and improves your privacy."
qblockspace: Why does the blockchain need so much space? qblockspace: Why does the blockchain need so much space?
ablockspace: "When you download the @blockchain, you are downloading the entire history of the @transactions that happened in the Monero network since it was created. The transactions and the related data are heavy and the entire history must be kept by every node to ensure it's the same for everybody. @pruning a blockchain allows to run a node which keeps only 1/8 of not strictly necessary blockchain data. This results in a blockchain 2/3 smaller than a full one. Convenient for people with limited disk space. Check out the Moneropedia entries @node and @remote-node for more details." ablockspace: "When you download the @blockchain, you are downloading the entire history of the @transactions that happened in the Monero network since it was created. The transactions and the related data are heavy and the entire history must be kept by every node to ensure it's the same for everybody. @pruning a blockchain allows to run a node which keeps only 1/8 of not strictly necessary blockchain data. This results in a blockchain 2/3 smaller than a full one. Convenient for people with limited disk space. Check out the Moneropedia entries @node and @remote-node for more details."
qavoidbc: Can I avoid downloading the entire blockchain? qavoidbc: Can I avoid downloading the entire blockchain?
@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ research-lab:
mrl5: Ring Signature Confidential Transactions mrl5: Ring Signature Confidential Transactions
mrl5_abstract: This article introduces a method of hiding transaction amounts in the strongly decentralized anonymous cryptocurrency Monero. Similar to Bitcoin, Monero is a cryptocurrency which is distributed through a proof of work “mining” process. The original Monero protocol was based on CryptoNote, which uses ring signatures and one-time keys to hide the destination and origin of transactions. Recently the technique of using a commitment scheme to hide the amount of a transaction has been discussed and implemented by Bitcoin Core Developer Gregory Maxwell. In this article, a new type of ring signature, A Multi-layered Linkable Spontaneous Anonymous Group signature is described which allows for hidden amounts, origins and destinations of transactions with reasonable efficiency and verifiable, trustless coin generation. Some extensions of the protocol are provided, such as Aggregate Schnorr Range Proofs, and Ring Multisignature. The author would like to note that early drafts of this were publicized in the Monero Community and on the bitcoin research irc channel. Blockchain hashed drafts are available in [14] showing that this work was started in Summer 2015, and completed in early October 2015. An eprint is also available at http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098. mrl5_abstract: This article introduces a method of hiding transaction amounts in the strongly decentralized anonymous cryptocurrency Monero. Similar to Bitcoin, Monero is a cryptocurrency which is distributed through a proof of work “mining” process. The original Monero protocol was based on CryptoNote, which uses ring signatures and one-time keys to hide the destination and origin of transactions. Recently the technique of using a commitment scheme to hide the amount of a transaction has been discussed and implemented by Bitcoin Core Developer Gregory Maxwell. In this article, a new type of ring signature, A Multi-layered Linkable Spontaneous Anonymous Group signature is described which allows for hidden amounts, origins and destinations of transactions with reasonable efficiency and verifiable, trustless coin generation. Some extensions of the protocol are provided, such as Aggregate Schnorr Range Proofs, and Ring Multisignature. The author would like to note that early drafts of this were publicized in the Monero Community and on the bitcoin research irc channel. Blockchain hashed drafts are available in [14] showing that this work was started in Summer 2015, and completed in early October 2015. An eprint is also available at http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/1098.
mrl6: An Efficient Implementation of Monero Subaddresses mrl6: An Efficient Implementation of Monero Subaddresses
mrl6_abstract: Users of the Monero cryptocurrency who wish to reuse wallet addresses in an unlinkable way must maintain separate wallets, which necessitates scanning incoming transactions for each one. We document a new address scheme that allows a user to maintain a single master wallet address and generate an arbitary number of unlinkable subaddresses. Each transaction needs to be scanned only once to determine if it is destinated for any of the users subaddresses. The scheme additionally supports multiple outputs to other subaddresses, and is as efficient as traditional wallet transactions. mrl6_abstract: Users of the Monero cryptocurrency who wish to reuse wallet addresses in an unlinkable way must maintain separate wallets, which necessitates scanning incoming transactions for each one. We document a new address scheme that allows a user to maintain a single master wallet address and generate an arbitrary number of unlinkable subaddresses. Each transaction needs to be scanned only once to determine if it is destinated for any of the users subaddresses. The scheme additionally supports multiple outputs to other subaddresses, and is as efficient as traditional wallet transactions.
mrl7: Sets of Spent Outputs mrl7: Sets of Spent Outputs
mrl7_abstract: This technical note generalizes the concept of spend outputs using basic set theory. The definition captures a variety of earlier work on identifying such outputs. We quantify the effects of this analysis on the Monero blockchain and give a brief overview of mitigations. mrl7_abstract: This technical note generalizes the concept of spend outputs using basic set theory. The definition captures a variety of earlier work on identifying such outputs. We quantify the effects of this analysis on the Monero blockchain and give a brief overview of mitigations.
mrl8: Dual Linkable Ring Signatures mrl8: Dual Linkable Ring Signatures
@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ specs:
block_emission_main: "first, main curve: ~18.132 million coins by the end of May 2022" block_emission_main: "first, main curve: ~18.132 million coins by the end of May 2022"
block_emission_tail: "then, tail curve: 0.6 XMR per 2-minute block, kicks in once main emission is done, translates to <1% inflation decreasing over time" block_emission_tail: "then, tail curve: 0.6 XMR per 2-minute block, kicks in once main emission is done, translates to <1% inflation decreasing over time"
blocks_title: Blocks blocks_title: Blocks
blocks: A new @block is created every ~2 minutes. There is no maximum block size, but instead a block reward penality and a dynamic block size, to ensure a dynamic @scalability blocks: A new @block is created every ~2 minutes. There is no maximum block size, but instead a block reward penalty and a dynamic block size, to ensure a dynamic @scalability
privacytech_title: Main privacy enhancing technologies privacytech_title: Main privacy enhancing technologies
privacytech_ringct: "@RingCT" privacytech_ringct: "@RingCT"
privacytech_sh: "@Stealth-Addresses" privacytech_sh: "@Stealth-Addresses"