Merge remote-tracking branch 'monero-project/master'

This commit is contained in:
luuul 2015-11-09 14:05:53 -04:00
commit 3d5390a0f4
19 changed files with 229 additions and 52 deletions

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@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
- level: 8
name: Lloydimiller4
amount: 7800
history: [8th Dan on 2015-09-28, 7th Dan on 2015-02-25, 6th Dan on 2015-02-16, 5th Dan on 2014-09-20, 4th Dan on 2014-08-26]
- level: 8
name: ArticMine
amount: 7206.80
@ -12,11 +17,6 @@
quote-author: Declaration of Independence
history: [8th Dan on 2015-02-23, 7th Dan on 2014-09-04, 6th Dan on 2014-08-23, 5th Dan on 2014-08-01, 4th Dan on 2014-07-16]
- level: 7
name: Lloydimiller4
amount: 6901
history: [7th Dan on 2015-02-25, 6th Dan on 2015-02-16, 5th Dan on 2014-09-20, 4th Dan on 2014-08-26]
- level: 7
name: ajiekceu4
amount: 5666

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@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ If you are using Monero Core for the first time you may want to download a @bloc
Note: the SHA hashes are listed by the downloads for convenience, but a GPG-signed list of the hashes is at [getmonero.org/downloads/hashes.txt](https://getmonero.org/downloads/hashes.txt) and should be treated as canonical, with the signature checked against the appropriate GPG key in the source code (in /utils/gpg_keys).
20151008:
Beta release of Windows 64 binaries are available for testing. It is recommended to delete your old %AppData%/bitmonero folder. You can convert your old blockchain file, but it is easier (and faster) to sync from the network.
<a href="//downloads.getmonero.org/monero.win.x64.v0-9-beta.zip">
SHA: 2BD27D3EF3102A2A6B2E1081B1AD8915DB266B3F
<div class="row">
{% for data_downloads in site.data.downloads %}

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@ -8,48 +8,38 @@ kick-class: "kicks"
icon: "icon_about"
attribution: "<!-- Icon is based on work by Freepik (http://www.freepik.com) and is licensed under Creative Commons BY 3.0 -->"
---
## About Monero
### What is Monero?
To most people, financial privacy is very important. Yet in recent years, we have seen a staggering amount of big corporations, banks and governments having their records compromised, at every time leaking information about their users, their practices, their balance sheets. The unfortunate but undeniable conclusion is that there is no safe place to conduct private transactions.
In order to effectively learn about Monero, it is important to assess your current understanding of cryptocurrencies. Therefore, this document has been broken down into 3 primary sections that you can use to learn about Monero based on your current knowledge. These sections build on each other, and by the time you reach the end of the document, you will hopefully be a master of the ideas behind both Monero and cryptocurrencies in general. It should be noted that this document will not be technical - instead, it will discuss the fundamentals of the technology and links will be provided for further explanation. The three sections are:
Now there is a place to conduct private transactions. Monero provides a place where your financial activities are private. Monero is one of the leading cryptocurrencies in the post-Bitcoin world, and it is built on principles of privacy, decentralization, and scalability. Read on to find out how Monero is helping to solve real problems and limitations of existing cryptocurrencies, and building a more private blockchain.
- I know nothing about cryptocurrencies.
- I know about bitcoin, but I don't really understand how it works
- I know how bitcoin works
## PRIVACY
I hope you enjoy this document, and I hope you find that Monero holds the potential to be a viable alternative to contemporary monetary systems.
Monero seeks to provide absolute transactional privacy in an effort to create true electronic cash. With Bitcoin, as well as with the vast majority of cryptocurrencies that have been established since, any and all transactions are entirely traceable. Any casual observer can read through the Bitcoin blockchain, and for any transaction, this observer can find out the exact amount that was transacted, as well as the precise transaction origin (sender address) and destination (recipient address).
With Monero, for any private transaction, the same observer has no means to uncover the origin, destination, or amount transacted. As such, transactions on the Monero blockchain, are private and fundamentally untraceable.
But Monero is more than a currency. Driving the official slogan: “secure, private, untraceable”, there are a multitude of applications where the parties involved wish to remain private. The Monero blockchain can keep confidential contracts confidential. While the forthcoming, blockchain-powered internet of things will certainly place the cloud all around us, it is then increasingly important that open access tools exist to provide a secure boundary for private settlements.
An often overlooked, but nonetheless important layer of privacy in a connected world, is that of the networking infrastructure. We have teamed up with Privacy Solutions, and development is well underway to incorporate an i2p router in Monero. In a world where ill intentioned governments and ISPs can void an individuals basic privacy rights on a whim, it then becomes necessary to establish a private communication platform.
### I know nothing about cryptocurrencies
The underlying technologies and cryptography upon which Monero is built, has been (and continues to be) the subject of extensive analysis and review by numerous individuals and research groups. It has garnered favorable attention by some of the most prominent figures of the Bitcoin & cryptography world, such as Andrew Poelstra (andytoshi), Gregory Maxwell & Nicolas Courtois.
Welcome to the future of money! There are many ways to describe cryptocurrencies and explain how they work. One of the fundamental components of cryptocurrencies is a very fancy type of ledger called a blockchain.
With Monero, transactions are private by default. However, each user has the ability to select different levels of privacy, optionally disclosing their transaction information, or even provide audit access (view only) to his full Monero account.
***What is a ledger?***
## DECENTRALIZATION
While most cryptocurrencies align to theoretical principles of decentralization, the reality is, that most fall short of such a claim. More often than not, it is not just one branch of a cryptocurrency system that is centralized in one form or another, is that that many branches are so.
A ledger is a document in which people record information by adding information to the document. This is such a fundamental component of cryptocurrencies that this point must be repeated, because it is easy to think that something digital (any file) can be modified in any imaginable way. By design, a ledger can only be modified by adding things to it. Think of the difference between the following: There's 10 dollars in my wallet at the start of the day, and during the day I spend 5$ and receive 10$. If I wanted to record the amount of money I had at any given time, this could be done it two ways.
With Proof of Stake currencies, irregular emission and distribution models cause most of the staking power to end up in the hand of a privileged few. Participants of lesser weight are reduced to second class citizens, with little chance of ever obtaining similar returns.
A. At the start of the day, I could write down 10$. At the end of the day, I could erase that and write down the current amount in my wallet, which is 15$.
With Proof of Work currencies, of which Bitcoin remains the most significant reference, the mining process is largely concentrated in a handful of pools. This centralization of mining power, combined with a transparent blockchain, has already lead to various occurrences of transaction censorship.
B. At the start of the day, I could write down 10$ on line 1. When I spend 5$, I write on line 2 that I use the 10$ bill and that 5$ is given back to me as change. Later, when someone gives me 10$, I write down that I recieved 10$. At the end of the day, I can then look at my ledger and see how many of the dollars are mine.
Other currencies opt for a closed development model, thus centralizing the invention process itself. These closed platforms commonly fail to meet any form of public audit or expert review. More importantly, these are platforms that will anytime swing left and right, in order to satisfy the interests of the restricted group that holds control of development.
( For those that are catching on, you can see the difference between A and B is that A treats money as a thing, whereas B treats money as a unit of account)
Monero contrasts with these examples in various and meaningful ways. Monero is powered strictly by Proof of Work, but specifically, it employs a mining algorithm that has the potential to be efficiently tasked to billions of existing devices (any modern x86 CPU).
This very characteristic, and more so once it is coupled with @Smart Mining, has the potential to ensure that for long years to come, the process of mining new Monero coins is within reach of the common individual, and not an exclusive opportunity to the owners of large mining operations.
***What is so special about a cryptocurrency ledger?***
Further, as transactions are private by default on the Monero blockchain, transaction censorship is inherently void.
The Monero development landscape on the other hand, is very much the opposite of a closed or restricted access model. The core branch currently enjoys more than 30 contributors, pushing 1000+ commits over the past year. The project is happy to take on new contributors and any future plans, long term direction and priorities are openly discussed with the community. Indeed, the policy that governs contribution to the Monero codebase is exhaustingly inclusive - all contributions are accepted into the development branch, where new code can be scrutinized and tested by the entire community.
The problem with a ledger is that you have to trust the person keeping the ledger. Imagine if you borrow money (cash) from your friend. You and your friend both write down how much cash you borrowed. Over time, you need to borrow more and you make some payments on your debt. You and your friend both keep records of this activity. Imagine that many years have passed and you finally make your final payment, only to learn that your friend thinks you owe more money based on the numbers in *their* ledger. But according to *your* ledger, your debt is paid. Who has the correct ledger?
This problem of trust is solved in cryptocurrencies by using a *distributed* ledger. This means that all of the transactions that occur are recorded by everyone using the cryptocurrency, so they can each keep their own copy of the ledger. In our cash borrowing example from above, you and your friend could have used the same approach by asking 10 people to record every credit and payment between you and your friend. If you and your friend had done this, you compare your ledger to the 10 other peoples, and if their ledger matched yours, then your debt was indeed paid off.
***Okay, I understand that a distributed ledger solves the trust issue. But how do I know that other people won't work together to make forged copies of the ledger, and then distribute the fake ledger?***
This is where the cryptocurrency ledger becomes very fancy, and is indeed the point where the term @blockchain, which I'm sure you've heard a lot about, will be introduced. In order to secure the ledger - to ensure that all copies of it are the same and cannot be tampered with - the cryptocurrency protocol adds information to the ledger in large chunks known as blocks. In our example from above, imagine that you were recording your payments on pieces of paper. At the end of each month, you would add this piece of paper to a book. The piece of paper is a block, and the book is a chain of these blocks - each new piece of paper is placed on top of an old one.
***How is a stack of paper a blockchain?***
It's not a blockchain yet. In order to become a blockchain, you need to link each block to each other - hence the use of the word "chain". And this is where the explanation may get a little technical. In order to link a new block to an old one, the new block includes the results of a complex math equation that uses all of the data in a previous block as its starting material. This is what is known as a @cryptographic hash of the previous block. These math problems are unique in that they are impossible to reverse, yet each results of the math problem is unique to the information entered into the problem. Look at the difference of the following - if I want to add the numbers 2 and 4, the result of that math problem will be 6. There are many ways to get 6 as a result of a math problem. If I want to **hash** the numbers 2 and 6, the result of the hash is
> c2356069e9d1e79ca924378153cfbbfb4d4416b1f99d41a2940bfdb66c5319db
There is no way to go from that "number" above back to a 2 and a 4, and there is nothing except a 2 and a 4 that will produce the number above. To get a sense of how hashing behaves, you can explore the function [here](http://www.xorbin.com/tools/sha256-hash-calculator).
(note to self - use the analogy of taking pictures, and introduce the proof of work as finding specifically shaped rocks to include in the picture)
Most contributors in the Monero development landscape are quite passionate for an open source philosophy, and in this rich creative environment, new projects have sparked to life. @OpenAlias is one notable example, which has seen adoption by (amongst others) a major Bitcoin related software product.

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@ -6,5 +6,8 @@ summary: "a group of cryptographic signatures with at least one real participant
---
### The Basics
Ring signatures make sure individual transaction outputs on the blockchain cant be traced. A ring signature is a group of cryptographic signatures with at least one real participant, but there is no way to tell which in the group is the real one as they all appear valid, while the key image prevents double spends. When sending a transaction, you select some random transaction outputs on the blockchain and mix those with your own “real coins”. Mixing of coins is enforced across the network, making all coins “equal”. Because every transaction output has plausible deniability on their state (spent or unspent), there are no fungibility issues with monero
{{ page.summary | capitalize }}.
To read how Monero gives you a privacy by default (unlinkability), see @stealth-addresses.
{{ page.summary | capitalize }}.

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@ -9,4 +9,6 @@ summary: "automatic one-time addresses for every transaction"
Stealth addresses are an important part of Monero's inherent privacy. They allow and require the sender to create random one-time addresses for every @transaction on behalf of the recipient. The recipient can publish just one address, yet have all of his/her incoming payments go to unique addresses on the @blockchain, where they cannot be linked back to either the recipient's published address or any other transactions' addresses. By using stealth addresses, only the sender and receiver can determine where a payment was sent.
When you create a Monero wallet, youll get a private viewkey and a private spendkey. The spendkey is needed for making payments, the viewkey is used to “claim” incoming transactions. Both the public spendkey and viewkey are used to build your monero address. You can have a “watch only” wallet that only uses the viewkey. This feature can be used for accounting or auditing purposes. You can decide who can see your balance by handing out your viewkey. Monero is private by default and optionally transparent!
To read how Monero prevents tracking coin history (untraceability), see @ring-signatures.

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ summary: "a cryptographically signed container that details the transfer of Mone
{{ page.summary | capitalize }}.
A transaction's parameters are one or more recipient addresses with the corresponding amounts of funds to send to them, and a `mixin_count` parameter that specifies the amount of outputs the transaction will have mixed in. Higher amounts of `mixin_count` offer more anonymity, but that comes with a cost, since the transaction gets larger and therefore the transaction fees get higher as well.
A transaction's parameters are one or more recipient addresses with the corresponding amounts of funds to send to them, and a `mixin_count` parameter that specifies the amount of outputs the transaction will have mixed in. Higher amounts of `mixin_count` offer more anonymity, but that comes with a cost, since the transaction gets larger and therefore the transaction fees get higher as well. The fact that this mixing can be done offline is a huge benefit for privacy.
A transaction is uniquely identified by a Transaction ID, which is usually represented as a 32-byte string (64 hexadecimal characters).

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@ -9,4 +9,12 @@ icon: "icon_openalias"
attribution: "<!-- Icon is based on work by Freepik (http://www.freepik.com) and is licensed under Creative Commons BY 3.0 -->"
---
### Work in Progress
### What is OpenAlias?
OpenAlias seeks to provide a way to simplify aliasing amidst a rapidly shifting technology climate. Users are trying to cross the bridge to private and cryptographically secure infrastructure and systems, but many of them have just barely started remembering the email addresses of their friends and family.
As part of the ongoing development of the Monero cryptocurrency project, we asked ourselves: how can we simplify payments for users unfamiliar with cryptocurrency? Monero stealth addresses are at least 95 characters long - memorising them is not an option, and asking someone to send a payment to <95-character-string> is only going to lead to confusion.
At its most basic, OpenAlias is a TXT DNS record on a FQDN (fully qualified domain name). By combining this with DNS-related technologies we have created an aliasing standard that is extensible for developers, intuitive and familiar for users, and can interoperate with both centralised and decentralised domain systems.
For more info, visit http://www.openalias.org

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@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ The Core Team forms an integral part of the Monero Research Lab, but the researc
### Other Contributors
There have been massive contributions to Monero from its inception from so many people, including: zone117x, LucaseJones, wolf`, Professor David Andersen, Atrides, wallet42, Neozaru, Gingeropoulos, cAPSLOCK, and many, many others.
There have been massive contributions to Monero from its inception from so many people, including: zone117x, LucasJones, wolf`, Professor David Andersen, wallet42, Neozaru, Gingeropolous, cAPSLOCK, and many, many others.

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@ -9,4 +9,18 @@ icon: "icon_projects"
attribution: "<!-- Icon is based on work by Freepik (http://www.freepik.com) and is licensed under Creative Commons BY 3.0 -->"
---
### Work in Progress
### Crypto-Kingdom
An online role playing game with ingame trading system based on cryptocurrency culture. Has monero as native currency.
Visit http://cryptokingdom.me for more info
### Monerodice
A Monero gambling site.
Visit http://www.monerodice.net for more info
### XMR.TO
A website designed to pay any BTC address using monero.
Visit http://www.xmr.to for more info

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@ -9,4 +9,13 @@ icon: "icon_userguides"
attribution: "<!-- Icon is based on work by Freepik (http://www.freepik.com) and is licensed under Creative Commons BY 3.0 -->"
---
### Work in Progress
### User Guides - always a work in progress!
<div class="text-center" style="padding-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: #505050;" href="Offline_Backup"><img src="//static.getmonero.org/images/icon_client.svg" class="title-icon"><h2 class="inline"><span class="green-kicks">Creating an Offline Backup of your Monero Account</span></h2></a></div>
<div class="text-center" style="padding-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: #505050;" href="howto_fix_stuck_funds"><img src="//static.getmonero.org/images/icon_client.svg" class="title-icon"><h2 class="inline"><span class="green-kicks">How to fix locked up funds</span></h2></a></div>
<div class="text-center" style="padding-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: #505050;" href="Offline_Backup"><img src="//static.getmonero.org/images/icon_client.svg" class="title-icon"><h2 class="inline"><span class="green-kicks">How to make an offline backup</span></h2></a></div>
<div class="text-center" style="padding-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: #505050;" href="restore_account"><img src="//static.getmonero.org/images/icon_client.svg" class="title-icon"><h2 class="inline"><span class="green-kicks">How to restore your account</span></h2></a></div>
<div class="text-center" style="padding-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: #505050;" href="view_only"><img src="//static.getmonero.org/images/icon_client.svg" class="title-icon"><h2 class="inline"><span class="green-kicks">How to make a view only wallet</span></h2></a></div>
<div class="text-center" style="padding-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: #505050;" href="vps_run_node"><img src="//static.getmonero.org/images/icon_client.svg" class="title-icon"><h2 class="inline"><span class="green-kicks">How to run a node on VPS</span></h2></a></div>
<div class="text-center" style="padding-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: #505050;" href="monero_tools"><img src="//static.getmonero.org/images/icon_client.svg" class="title-icon"><h2 class="inline"><span class="green-kicks">Monero tools</span></h2></a></div>
<div class="text-center" style="padding-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: #505050;" href="simplewallet"><img src="//static.getmonero.org/images/icon_client.svg" class="title-icon"><h2 class="inline"><span class="green-kicks">Getting started with simplewallet</span></h2></a></div>

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@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
---
layout: static_page
title: "Monero tools"
title-pre-kick: "Monero tools "
title-kick: "for the network "
title-post-kick: ""
kick-class: "purple-kicks"
icon: "icon_userguides"
attribution: "<!-- Icon is based on work by Freepik (http://www.freepik.com) and is licensed under Creative Commons BY 3.0 -->"
---
# Monero tools
These tools can be used to gain information about the Monero network or your transaction data in the blockchain.
###[Check that a recipient has received your funds](http://xmrtests.llcoins.net/checktx.html)
###[Tools for monero address generation](http://xmrtests.llcoins.net/addresstests.html)
###[Monero node count](http://moneronodes.i2p.xyz/)
###[Monero node map](https://monerohash.com/nodes-distribution.html)
###[Monero offline wallet generator](http://moneroaddress.org/)
###[Monero network mixin statistics](http://moneroblocks.eu/stats)

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@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
---
layout: static_page
title: "Monero tools"
title-pre-kick: "Monero tools "
title-kick: "for the network "
title-post-kick: ""
kick-class: "purple-kicks"
icon: "icon_userguides"
attribution: "<!-- Icon is based on work by Freepik (http://www.freepik.com) and is licensed under Creative Commons BY 3.0 -->"
---
# simplewallet
simplewallet is the wallet software that ships with the monero tree. It is a console program,
and manages an account (while a bitcoin wallet manages both an account and the blockchain,
Monero separates these: bitmonerod handles the blockchain, and simplewallet handles the account).
This guide assumes you already have created an account, according to the other guides, and
will show how to perform various operations from the simplewallet UI.
## Checking your balance
Since the blockchain handling and the wallet are separate programs, many uses of simplewallet
need to work with the daemon. This includes looking for incoming transactions to your address.
Once you are running both simplewallet and bitmonerod, refresh the wallet's idea of the blockchain:
refresh
This will pull blocks from the daemon the wallet did not yet see, and update your balance
to match. To see the balance without refreshing:
balance
## Sending monero
You will need the standard address you want to send to (a long string starting with '4'), and
possibly a payment ID, if the receiving party requires one. In that latter case, that party
may instead give you an integrated address, which is both of these packed into a single address
(integrated address do not start with 4, but A).
This is the command to use when you are sending to a standard address:
transfer 3 ADDRESS AMOUNT PAYMENTID
Replace ADDRESS with the address you wnt to sent to, AMOUNT with how many monero you want to send.
and PAYMENTID with the payment ID you were given. If the receiving party doesn't need one, just
omit it.
If you have an integrated address to send to:
transfer 3 ADDRESS AMOUNT
The payment ID is implicit in the integrated address in that case.
The 3 above is the mixin. It's a good idea to leave it to 3, but you can increase the number if
you want to mix with more outputs. The higher the mixin, the larger the transaction, and the
higher fees needed.
## Receiving monero
If you have your own Monero address, you just need to give your standard address to someone.
Since Monero is anonymous, you won't see what address sent anything you receive. If you want to
know, you'll have to tell the sender to use a payment ID, which is an arbitrary optional tag which
gets attached to a transaction. To make life easier, you can generate an address that already
includes a random payment ID:
integrated_address
This will generate a random payment ID, and give you the address that includes your own account
and that payment ID. If you want to select your own payment ID, you can do that too:
integrated_address 12346780abcdef00
## Proving to a third party you paid someone
If you pay a merchant, and the merchant claims to not have received the funds, you may need
to prove to a third party you did send the funds - or even to the merchant, if it is a honest
mistake. Monero is private, so you can't just point to your transaction in the blockchain,
as you can't tell who sent it, and who received it. However, by supplying the per-transaction
private key to a party, that party can tell whether that transaction sent monero to that
particular address. Note that storing these per-transaction keys is disabled by default, and
you will have to enable it before sending, if you think you may need it:
set store-tx-keys 1
From now on, tx keys will be saved, and you can retrieve them later for a given transaction:
get_tx_key 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012
Pass in the transaction ID you want the key for. Remember that a payment might have been
split in more than one transaction, so you may need several keys. You can then send that key,
or these keys, to whoever you want to provide proof of your transaction, along with the
transaction id and the address you sent to. Note that this third party, if knowing your
own address, will be able to see how much change was returned to you as well.
If you are the third party (that is, someone wants to prove to you that they sent monero
to an address), then you can check this way:
check_tx_key TXID TXKEY ADDRESS
Replace TXID, TXKEY and ADDRESS with the transaction ID, per-transaction key, and destination
address which were supplied to you, respectively. simplewallet will check that transaction
and let you know how much monero this transaction paid to the given address.
## Getting a chance to confirm/cancel payments
If you want to get a last chance confirmation when sending a payment:
set always-confirm-transfers 1
## How to find a payment to you
If you received a payment using a particular payment ID, you can look it up:
payments PAYMENTID
You can give more than one payment ID too.

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@ -32,13 +32,7 @@ if (isset($_COOKIE["MONERO_LANG"]))
<meta property="og:url" content="https://getmonero.org/language.php">
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<link href="//static.getmonero.org/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="//static.getmonero.org/css/main.css?1" rel="stylesheet">
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="//static.getmonero.org/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<script src="//static.getmonero.org/js/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<link href="//static.getmonero.org/style.css?1" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="body-language">
@ -76,8 +70,7 @@ if (isset($_COOKIE["MONERO_LANG"]))
<!-- JS -->
<script src="//static.getmonero.org/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="//static.getmonero.org/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="//static.getmonero.org/scripts.js"></script>
<script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),

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@ -9,6 +9,11 @@ icon: "icon_labs"
attribution: ""
---
### Work in Progress
### Cryptonote Whitepaper
The [Cryptonote whitepaper](https://cryptonote.org/whitepaper.pdf) was first annotated by the MRL, you can check the annotated whitepaper [here](https://downloads.getmonero.org/whitepaper_annotated.pdf).
Surae Noether did a full review of the whitepaper. His work can be found [here](https://downloads.getmonero.org/whitepaper_review.pdf).
### MRL research papers
For current Monero Research Lab publications please visit: [https://lab.getmonero.org/](https://lab.getmonero.org/)