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Accepting Monero </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../../accepting-monero/overview/ class=md-nav__link> Overview </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component=toc> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Table of contents </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#hides-recipient class=md-nav__link> Hides recipient </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#one-time-per-payment class=md-nav__link> One-time, per payment </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#wallet-level-feature class=md-nav__link> Wallet level feature </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#elliptic-curves-magic-properties class=md-nav__link> Elliptic curves magic properties </a> <nav class=md-nav aria-label="Elliptic curves magic properties"> <ul class=md-nav__list> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#it-is-possible-to-establish-a-shared-secret-without-sharing-a-secret class=md-nav__link> It is possible to establish a shared secret without sharing a secret </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#a-new-key-pair-can-be-derived-by-multiplying-both-keys class=md-nav__link> A new key pair can be derived by multiplying both keys </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#stealth-address-protocol class=md-nav__link> Stealth address protocol </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#reference class=md-nav__link> Reference </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <a href=https://github.com/monerodocs/md/edit/master/docs/todo/stealth-address.md title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25z"/></svg> </a> <h1 id=stealth-address>Stealth Address<a class=headerlink href=#stealth-address title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1> <h2 id=hides-recipient>Hides recipient<a class=headerlink href=#hides-recipient title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Stealth address is a privacy technique to hide the recipient.</p> <p>Even though blockchain is public, observer has no way to link the payment to the recipient.</p> <p>Payments simply do <strong>not</strong> go to recipient address. Instead payments go to one-time "stealth" addresses. </p> <h2 id=one-time-per-payment>One-time, per payment<a class=headerlink href=#one-time-per-payment title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Stealth address is generated for each individual payment and must not be reused.</p> <p>In Bitcoin, should stealth address be reused, the payments are linked. Observer would learn these payments were to the same person. This wouldn't be end of the world though, as most users would link the outputs anyway when spending from the wallet. </p> <p>In Monero, stealth address reuse leads to lose of funds. If sender re-uses stealth address, then recipient will only be able to claim one of the payments. See <a href=/cryptography/asymmetric/key-image>key image</a> to learn why this is the case. Practically, to re-use stealth address, sender would have to manually craft a malicious transaction. Recipient would simply not acknowledge receiving the payment, as if sender never paid.</p> <h2 id=wallet-level-feature>Wallet level feature<a class=headerlink href=#wallet-level-feature title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Stealth addresses are not part of the consensus layer. For transaction to be valid, it does not matter how the key pairs were generated.</p> <p>Stealth address is non-interactive protocol between sender and recipient.</p> <h2 id=elliptic-curves-magic-properties>Elliptic curves magic properties<a class=headerlink href=#elliptic-curves-magic-properties title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Before going further understand the following properties of elliptic curves.</p> <p>Once you internalize these critical properties, you will be able to easily come up with a stealth address scheme yourself. </p> <h3 id=it-is-possible-to-establish-a-shared-secret-without-sharing-a-secret>It is possible to establish a shared secret without sharing a secret<a class=headerlink href=#it-is-possible-to-establish-a-shared-secret-without-sharing-a-secret title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3> <p>Two parties can come up with the same secret number w/o sending anything except their public keys.</p> <p>Specifically, having 2 unrelated key pairs, you can exchange public keys, and then each party can independently calculate the same secret number, simply by multiplying own private key with other party's public key:</p> <p><code>s = aB = bA</code>, where:</p> <ul> <li>s - the secret (256-bit number)</li> <li>a - Alice private key</li> <li>A - Alice public key</li> <li>b - Bob private key</li> <li>B - Bob public key</li> </ul> <h3 id=a-new-key-pair-can-be-derived-by-multiplying-both-keys>A new key pair can be derived by multiplying both keys<a class=headerlink href=#a-new-key-pair-can-be-derived-by-multiplying-both-keys title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3> <p>Having a key pair, you can derive a new key pair, simply by multiplying both keys by an integer.</p> <p>Surprisingly, the new key pair will be valid, i.e. the private key will match the public key. </p> <h2 id=stealth-address-protocol>Stealth address protocol<a class=headerlink href=#stealth-address-protocol title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <ol> <li> <p>Sender Alice generates a new key pair. Note this is entirely local to the sender. </p> </li> <li> <p>a - private key</p> </li> <li> <p>A - public key</p> </li> <li> <p>Sender Alice gets receiver's (Bob) public key from his address, <code>B</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Sender calculates the secret:</p> </li> </ol> <p><code>s = rB</code></p> <h2 id=reference>Reference<a class=headerlink href=#reference title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>http://www.scitepress.org/DigitalLibrary/Link.aspx?doi=10.5220/0006270005590566</p> </article> </div> </div> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-footer-copyright style="margin: auto;"> <a href=http://bumz4sduzxzlobbgzy5fiufdflg3mo2jyecdwdx5rphrqldms7wlmiid.onion/ >Tor onion version</a> | <a href=https://qertoip.com/ >contact</a> | © 2021 MoneroDocs under <a href=https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>MIT</a> | built w/ <a href=https://www.mkdocs.org/ >mkdocs</a> and <a href=https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/ >squidfunk/material</a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script src=../../assets/javascripts/vendor.93c04032.min.js></script> <script src=../../assets/javascripts/bundle.83e5331e.min.js></script><script id=__lang type=application/json>{"clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "search.config.lang": "en", "search.config.pipeline": "trimmer, stopWordFilter", "search.config.separator": "[\\s\\-]+", "search.placeholder": "Search", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing"}</script> <script>
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