monero-project/monero-docs
monero-project/monero-docs
2
1
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/monero-project/monero-docs.git synced 2024-12-25 13:09:32 +00:00
Code Issues Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions
monero-docs/public/technical-specs/index.html

1366 lines
No EOL
33 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" class="no-js">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<meta name="description" content="Unofficial Monero Documentation">
<meta name="author" content="Piotr 'Qertoip' Włodarek">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://monerodocs.org/technical-specs/">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../assets/images/favicon.png">
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.1.2, mkdocs-material-6.2.5">
<title>Monero Technical Specification - Monero Documentation</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/main.15aa0b43.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/stylesheets/palette.75751829.min.css">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,400,400i,700%7CRoboto+Mono&display=fallback">
<style>body,input{font-family:"Roboto",-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}code,kbd,pre{font-family:"Roboto Mono",SFMono-Regular,Consolas,Menlo,monospace}</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../overrides.css">
</head>
<body dir="ltr" data-md-color-scheme="" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-accent="indigo">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" type="checkbox" id="__drawer" autocomplete="off">
<input class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" type="checkbox" id="__search" autocomplete="off">
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer"></label>
<div data-md-component="skip">
<a href="#monero-technical-specs" class="md-skip">
Skip to content
</a>
</div>
<div data-md-component="announce">
</div>
<header class="md-header" data-md-component="header">
<nav class="md-header-nav md-grid" aria-label="Header">
<a href="https://monerodocs.org" title="Monero Documentation" class="md-header-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Monero Documentation">
<img src="../images/monero.svg" alt="logo">
</a>
<label class="md-header-nav__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 6h18v2H3V6m0 5h18v2H3v-2m0 5h18v2H3v-2z"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-header-nav__title" data-md-component="header-title">
<div class="md-header-nav__ellipsis">
<div class="md-header-nav__topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Monero Documentation
</span>
</div>
<div class="md-header-nav__topic">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
Monero Technical Specification
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<label class="md-header-nav__button md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0116 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 019.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 013 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 019.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5z"/></svg>
</label>
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search"></label>
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
<input type="text" class="md-search__input" name="query" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" data-md-component="search-query" data-md-state="active" required>
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0116 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 019.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 013 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 019.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5z"/></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12z"/></svg>
</label>
<button type="reset" class="md-search__icon md-icon" aria-label="Clear" data-md-component="search-reset" tabindex="-1">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41L17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41z"/></svg>
</button>
</form>
<div class="md-search__output">
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix>
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
Initializing search
</div>
<ol class="md-search-result__list"></ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-header-nav__source">
<a href="https://github.com/monerodocs/md/" title="Go to repository" class="md-source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M439.55 236.05L244 40.45a28.87 28.87 0 00-40.81 0l-40.66 40.63 51.52 51.52c27.06-9.14 52.68 16.77 43.39 43.68l49.66 49.66c34.23-11.8 61.18 31 35.47 56.69-26.49 26.49-70.21-2.87-56-37.34L240.22 199v121.85c25.3 12.54 22.26 41.85 9.08 55a34.34 34.34 0 01-48.55 0c-17.57-17.6-11.07-46.91 11.25-56v-123c-20.8-8.51-24.6-30.74-18.64-45L142.57 101 8.45 235.14a28.86 28.86 0 000 40.81l195.61 195.6a28.86 28.86 0 0040.8 0l194.69-194.69a28.86 28.86 0 000-40.81z"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
monerodocs/md
</div>
</a>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main">
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="navigation" >
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--primary" aria-label="Navigation" data-md-level="0">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a href="https://monerodocs.org" title="Monero Documentation" class="md-nav__button md-logo" aria-label="Monero Documentation">
<img src="../images/monero.svg" alt="logo">
</a>
Monero Documentation
</label>
<div class="md-nav__source">
<a href="https://github.com/monerodocs/md/" title="Go to repository" class="md-source">
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M439.55 236.05L244 40.45a28.87 28.87 0 00-40.81 0l-40.66 40.63 51.52 51.52c27.06-9.14 52.68 16.77 43.39 43.68l49.66 49.66c34.23-11.8 61.18 31 35.47 56.69-26.49 26.49-70.21-2.87-56-37.34L240.22 199v121.85c25.3 12.54 22.26 41.85 9.08 55a34.34 34.34 0 01-48.55 0c-17.57-17.6-11.07-46.91 11.25-56v-123c-20.8-8.51-24.6-30.74-18.64-45L142.57 101 8.45 235.14a28.86 28.86 0 000 40.81l195.61 195.6a28.86 28.86 0 0040.8 0l194.69-194.69a28.86 28.86 0 000-40.81z"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-source__repository">
monerodocs/md
</div>
</a>
</div>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href=".." class="md-nav__link">
Home
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-2" type="checkbox" id="nav-2" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-2">
Interacting
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Interacting" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Interacting
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../interacting/download-monero-binaries/" class="md-nav__link">
Download
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../interacting/verify-monero-binaries/" class="md-nav__link">
Verify
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../interacting/overview/" class="md-nav__link">
Overview
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../interacting/monero-config-file/" class="md-nav__link">
Config file
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../interacting/monerod-reference/" class="md-nav__link">
monerod
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../interacting/monero-wallet-cli-reference/" class="md-nav__link">
monero-wallet-cli
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../interacting/monero-wallet-gui-reference/" class="md-nav__link">
monero-wallet-gui
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../interacting/monero-wallet-rpc-reference/" class="md-nav__link">
monero-wallet-rpc
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../interacting/monero-blockchain-export-reference/" class="md-nav__link">
monero-blockchain-export
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../interacting/monero-blockchain-import-reference/" class="md-nav__link">
monero-blockchain-import
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="toc" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
Technical specs
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
Technical specs
</a>
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table of contents
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#live" class="md-nav__link">
Live
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#no-premine-no-instamine-no-ico-no-token" class="md-nav__link">
No premine, no instamine, no ICO, no token
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#proof-of-work" class="md-nav__link">
Proof of Work
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#difficulty-retarget" class="md-nav__link">
Difficulty retarget
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#block-time" class="md-nav__link">
Block time
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#block-reward" class="md-nav__link">
Block reward
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#block-size" class="md-nav__link">
Block size
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#emission-curve" class="md-nav__link">
Emission curve
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Emission curve">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#main-emission" class="md-nav__link">
Main emission
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tail-emission" class="md-nav__link">
Tail emission
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#max-supply" class="md-nav__link">
Max supply
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#divisibility" class="md-nav__link">
Divisibility
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#sender-privacy" class="md-nav__link">
Sender privacy
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#recipient-privacy" class="md-nav__link">
Recipient privacy
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#amount-privacy" class="md-nav__link">
Amount privacy
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#ip-address-privacy" class="md-nav__link">
IP address privacy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-4" type="checkbox" id="nav-4" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-4">
Cryptography
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Cryptography" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-4">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Cryptography
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../cryptography/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
Introduction
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-4-2" type="checkbox" id="nav-4-2" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-4-2">
Asymmetric
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Asymmetric" data-md-level="2">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-4-2">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Asymmetric
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../cryptography/asymmetric/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
Introduction
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../cryptography/asymmetric/private-key/" class="md-nav__link">
Private keys
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../cryptography/asymmetric/public-key/" class="md-nav__link">
Public keys
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../cryptography/asymmetric/edwards25519/" class="md-nav__link">
Edwards25519 curve
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../cryptography/asymmetric/key-image/" class="md-nav__link">
Key image
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../cryptography/base58/" class="md-nav__link">
Base58
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../cryptography/prng/" class="md-nav__link">
PRNG
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../cryptography/keccak-256/" class="md-nav__link">
Keccak-256
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-5" type="checkbox" id="nav-5" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-5">
Address
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Address" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-5">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Address
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../public-address/standard-address/" class="md-nav__link">
Standard
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../public-address/subaddress/" class="md-nav__link">
Subaddress
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../public-address/integrated-address/" class="md-nav__link">
Integrated
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-6" type="checkbox" id="nav-6" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-6">
Proof of Work
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Proof of Work" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-6">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Proof of Work
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../proof-of-work/what-is-pow/" class="md-nav__link">
What is PoW?
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../proof-of-work/pow-in-cryptocurrencies/" class="md-nav__link">
PoW in Cryptocurrencies
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../proof-of-work/cryptonight/" class="md-nav__link">
CryptoNight
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../proof-of-work/random-x/" class="md-nav__link">
RandomX
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../multisignature/" class="md-nav__link">
Multisignature
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-8" type="checkbox" id="nav-8" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-8">
Infrastructure
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Infrastructure" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-8">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Infrastructure
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../infrastructure/networks/" class="md-nav__link">
Mainnet, stagenet, testnet
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../infrastructure/tor-onion-p2p-seed-nodes/" class="md-nav__link">
Tor onion seed nodes
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../infrastructure/monero-pulse/" class="md-nav__link">
MoneroPulse
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-9" type="checkbox" id="nav-9" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-9">
Running a Node
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Running a Node" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-9">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Running a Node
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../running-node/open-node-tor-onion/" class="md-nav__link">
Open Node + Tor Onion
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" data-md-toggle="nav-10" type="checkbox" id="nav-10" >
<label class="md-nav__link" for="nav-10">
Accepting Monero
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Accepting Monero" data-md-level="1">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="nav-10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Accepting Monero
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../accepting-monero/overview/" class="md-nav__link">
Overview
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="toc" >
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="Table of contents">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
Table of contents
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#live" class="md-nav__link">
Live
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#no-premine-no-instamine-no-ico-no-token" class="md-nav__link">
No premine, no instamine, no ICO, no token
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#proof-of-work" class="md-nav__link">
Proof of Work
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#difficulty-retarget" class="md-nav__link">
Difficulty retarget
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#block-time" class="md-nav__link">
Block time
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#block-reward" class="md-nav__link">
Block reward
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#block-size" class="md-nav__link">
Block size
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#emission-curve" class="md-nav__link">
Emission curve
</a>
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Emission curve">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#main-emission" class="md-nav__link">
Main emission
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#tail-emission" class="md-nav__link">
Tail emission
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#max-supply" class="md-nav__link">
Max supply
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#divisibility" class="md-nav__link">
Divisibility
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#sender-privacy" class="md-nav__link">
Sender privacy
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#recipient-privacy" class="md-nav__link">
Recipient privacy
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#amount-privacy" class="md-nav__link">
Amount privacy
</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="#ip-address-privacy" class="md-nav__link">
IP address privacy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-content">
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<a href="https://github.com/monerodocs/md/edit/master/docs/technical-specs.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 3.75M3 17.25V21h3.75L17.81 9.93l-3.75-3.75L3 17.25z"/></svg>
</a>
<h1 id="monero-technical-specs">Monero Technical Specs<a class="headerlink" href="#monero-technical-specs" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<h2 id="live">Live<a class="headerlink" href="#live" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>Monero blockchain is live since 18 April 2014</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="no-premine-no-instamine-no-ico-no-token">No premine, no instamine, no ICO, no token<a class="headerlink" href="#no-premine-no-instamine-no-ico-no-token" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>Monero had no premine or instamine</li>
<li>Monero did not sell any token</li>
<li>Monero had no presale of any kind</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="proof-of-work">Proof of Work<a class="headerlink" href="#proof-of-work" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>CryptoNight<ul>
<li>v0 since block height 0</li>
<li>v1 since block height 1546000 (forked on 2018-04-06)</li>
<li>v2 since block height 1685555 (forked on 2018-10-18)</li>
<li>v3 since block height 1788000 (forked on 2019-03-09); "CryptonightR"</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>RandomX<ul>
<li>v0 since block height 1978433 (forked on 2019-11-30)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="difficulty-retarget">Difficulty retarget<a class="headerlink" href="#difficulty-retarget" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>every block</li>
<li>based on the last 720 blocks (24h), excluding 20% of the timestamp outliers</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="block-time">Block time<a class="headerlink" href="#block-time" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>2 minutes</li>
<li>may change in the future as long as emission curve is preserved</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="block-reward">Block reward<a class="headerlink" href="#block-reward" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>smoothly decreasing and subject to penalties for blocks greater then median size of the last 100 blocks (M100)</li>
<li>~1.6 XMR as of June 2020; for the current reward check the coinbase transaction of the <a href="https://xmrchain.net/">latest block</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="block-size">Block size<a class="headerlink" href="#block-size" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>dynamic</li>
<li>maximum of two times the median size of the last 100 blocks (2 * M100)</li>
<li>~50KB as of June 2020; check <a href="https://bitinfocharts.com/comparison/monero-size.html#3m">the latest block size</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="emission-curve">Emission curve<a class="headerlink" href="#emission-curve" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<h3 id="main-emission">Main emission<a class="headerlink" href="#main-emission" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>first, the main emission is about to produce ~18.132 million coins by the end of May 2022</li>
<li>as of June 2020 the emission is about 8 XMR per 10 minutes</li>
<li>see <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Monero/comments/512kwh/useful_for_learning_about_monero_coin_emission/">charts and details</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="tail-emission">Tail emission<a class="headerlink" href="#tail-emission" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>the tail emission kicks in once main emission is done</li>
<li>it will produce 0.6 XMR per 2-minute block</li>
<li>this translates to &lt;1% inflation decreasing over time</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="max-supply">Max supply<a class="headerlink" href="#max-supply" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>~18.132 million XMR + 0.6 XMR per 2 minutes</li>
<li>technically infinite but practically deflationary if accounted for lost coins</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="divisibility">Divisibility<a class="headerlink" href="#divisibility" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>Monero is divisible up to 12 digits</li>
<li>The smallest unit is called piconero and equals 1e-12 XMR, or 0.000000000001 XMR</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="sender-privacy">Sender privacy<a class="headerlink" href="#sender-privacy" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>ring signatures<ul>
<li>the ring size is 11 (10 decoys)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>assurance: probabilistic / plausible deniability</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="recipient-privacy">Recipient privacy<a class="headerlink" href="#recipient-privacy" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>stealth addresses</li>
<li>assurance: strong</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="amount-privacy">Amount privacy<a class="headerlink" href="#amount-privacy" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>ring confidential transactions</li>
<li>assurance: strong</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="ip-address-privacy">IP address privacy<a class="headerlink" href="#ip-address-privacy" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>For the full node (<code>monerod</code>):</p>
<ul>
<li>dandelion++</li>
<li>assurance: won't protect against ISP/VPN provider, won't protect against the very first remote node in Dandellion++ protocol</li>
<li>for the full protection user must manually wrap <code>monerod</code> with Tor</li>
</ul>
<p>For the wallet (<code>monero-wallet-gui</code> or <code>monero-wallet-cli</code>):</p>
<ul>
<li>typically wallet runs on the same machine as full node so there is no risk</li>
<li>if wallet connects to remote full node, there is no IP protection by default<ul>
<li>user must manually wrap wallet with Tor</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</article>
</div>
</div>
</main>
<footer class="md-footer">
<div class="md-footer-nav">
<nav class="md-footer-nav__inner md-grid" aria-label="Footer">
<a href="../interacting/monero-blockchain-import-reference/" class="md-footer-nav__link md-footer-nav__link--prev" rel="prev">
<div class="md-footer-nav__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12z"/></svg>
</div>
<div class="md-footer-nav__title">
<div class="md-ellipsis">
<span class="md-footer-nav__direction">
Previous
</span>
monero-blockchain-import
</div>
</div>
</a>
<a href="../cryptography/introduction/" class="md-footer-nav__link md-footer-nav__link--next" rel="next">
<div class="md-footer-nav__title">
<div class="md-ellipsis">
<span class="md-footer-nav__direction">
Next
</span>
Introduction
</div>
</div>
<div class="md-footer-nav__button md-icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 11v2h12l-5.5 5.5 1.42 1.42L19.84 12l-7.92-7.92L10.5 5.5 16 11H4z"/></svg>
</div>
</a>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset">
<div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid">
<div class="md-footer-copyright">
Made with
<a href="https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
Material for MkDocs
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
<script src="../assets/javascripts/vendor.93c04032.min.js"></script>
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.83e5331e.min.js"></script><script id="__lang" type="application/json">{"clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "search.config.lang": "en", "search.config.pipeline": "trimmer, stopWordFilter", "search.config.separator": "[\\s\\-]+", "search.placeholder": "Search", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing"}</script>
<script>
app = initialize({
base: "..",
features: [],
search: Object.assign({
worker: "../assets/javascripts/worker/search.8c7e0a7e.min.js"
}, typeof search !== "undefined" && search)
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink