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contributing: add & format sections (#150)

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CONTRIBUTING.md
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# Contributing to Cuprate
## Contributing to Cuprate
Thank you for wanting to help out!
## Introduction
Cuprate is in the stage where things are likely to change quickly, so it's recommended
you ask questions in our public [Matrix room](https://matrix.to/#/#cuprate:monero.social).
Thank you for wanting to help out! Cuprate is in the stage where things are likely to change quickly, so it's recommend
you join our [Matrix room](https://matrix.to/#/#cuprate:monero.social).
- [1. Submitting a pull request](#1-submitting-a-pull-request)
- [1.1 Rust toolchain](#11-rust-toolchain)
- [1.2 Draft PR](#12-draft-pr)
- [1.3 Passing CI](#13-passing-ci)
- [1.4 Ready for review](#14-ready-for-review)
- [2. Crate names](#2-crate-names)
- [3. Coding guidelines](#3-coding-guidelines)
- [4. Keeping track of issues and PRs](#4-keeping-track-of-issues-and-prs)
- [5. Documentation](#5-documentation)
- [6. Books](#6-books)
- [6.1 Architecture book](#61-architecture-book)
- [6.2 Protocol book](#62-protocol-book)
- [6.3 User book](#63-user-book)
## Making a PR
## 1. Submitting a pull request
Once you have found something you would like to work on by:
- Looking at the [open issues](https://github.com/Cuprate/cuprate/issues)
- Looking at issues with the [`A-help-wanted`](https://github.com/Cuprate/cuprate/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3AE-help-wanted) label
- or joining Cuprate's [Matrix room](https://matrix.to/#/#cuprate:monero.social) and asking
Once you have found something you would like to work on by either looking at the open issues or joining Cuprate's [Matrix room](https://matrix.to/#/#cuprate:monero.social)
and asking it's recommended to make your interest on working on that thing known so people don't duplicate work.
it is recommended to make your interest on working on that thing known so people don't duplicate work.
When you are at a stage where you would like feedback you can open a draft PR, keep in mind that feedback may take time especially if the change is large.
Once your PR is at the stage where you feel it's ready to go, open it for review.
Before starting, consider reading/using Cuprate's:
- [`Documentation`](#5-documentation) (practical `cargo` docs)
- [`Books`](#6-books) (Cuprate's architecture and protocol)
## Passing CI
The first 3 steps to CI are formatting, typo, and documentation checking.
These may answer some questions you have, or may confirm an issue you would like to fix.
Check if your changes are formatted, typo-free, and documented correctly by running:
- `cargo fmt --all --check`
- `typos`
- `RUSTDOCFLAGS='-D warnings' cargo doc --workspace --all-features`
_Note: Cuprate is currently a work-in-progress; documentation will be changing/unfinished._
### 1.1 Rust toolchain
Cuprate is written in [Rust](https://rust-lang.org).
If you are editing code, you will need Rust's toolchain and package manager,
[`cargo`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/index.html), to develop and submit PRs effectively.
Get started with Rust here: <https://www.rust-lang.org/learn/get-started>.
### 1.2 Draft PR
Consider opening a draft PR until you have passed all CI.
This is also the stage where you can ask for feedback from others. Keep in mind that feedback may take time especially if the change is large.
### 1.3 Passing CI
Each commit pushed in a PR will trigger our [lovely, yet pedantic CI](https://github.com/Cuprate/cuprate/blob/main/.github/workflows/ci.yml).
It currently:
- Checks code formatting
- Checks documentation
- Looks for typos
- Runs [`clippy`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy) (and fails on warnings)
- Runs all tests
- Builds all targets
- Automatically add approriate [labels](#4-keeping-track-of-issues-and-prs) to your PR
Before pushing your code, please run the following at the root of the repository:
| Command | Does what |
|-------------------|-----------|
| `cargo fmt --all` | Formats code
| `typos -w` | Fixes typos
`typos` can be installed with `cargo` from: https://github.com/crate-ci/typos.
After that, ensure all lints, tests, and builds are successful by running:
After that, ensure all other CI passes by running:
- `cargo clippy --workspace --all-features --all-targets -- -D warnings`
- `cargo fmt --all`
- `cargo test --all-features --workspace`
- `cargo build --all-features --all-targets --workspace`
| Command | Does what |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|
| `RUSTDOCFLAGS='-D warnings' cargo doc --workspace --all-features` | Checks documentation is OK
| `cargo clippy --workspace --all-features --all-targets -- -D warnings` | Checks clippy lints are satisfied
| `cargo test --all-features --workspace` | Runs all tests
| `cargo build --all-features --all-targets --workspace` | Builds all code
## Crate names
All of Cuprate's crates (libraries) are prefixed with `cuprate-`.
**Note: in order for some tests to work, you will need to place a [`monerod`](https://www.getmonero.org/downloads/) binary at the root of the repository.**
All directories containing crates however, are not. For example:
### 1.4 Ready for review
Once your PR has passed all CI and is ready to go, open it for review. Others will leave their thoughts and may ask for changes to be made.
Finally, if everything looks good, we will merge your code! Thank you for contributing!
## 2. Crate names
All of Cuprate's crates (libraries) are prefixed with `cuprate-`. All directories containing crates however, are not.
For example:
| Crate Directory | Crate Name |
|--------------------|--------------------|
@ -41,16 +95,21 @@ All directories containing crates however, are not. For example:
| `net/levin` | `cuprate-levin` |
| `net/wire` | `cuprate-wire` |
## Coding guidelines
## 3. Coding guidelines
This is a list of rules that are not mandated by any automation, but contributors generally follow.
You should keep these in mind when submitting code:
- Separate and sort imports as core, std, third-party, Cuprate crates, current crate
- Follow the [Rust API Guidelines](https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines)
- `// Comment like this.` and not `//like this`
- Use `TODO` instead of `FIXME`
- Avoid `unsafe`
- Sort imports as core, std, third-party, Cuprate crates, current crate.
- Follow the [Rust API Guidelines](https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines)
- Break the above rules when it makes sense
## Keeping track of issues and PRs
And the most important rule:
- Break any and all of the above rules when it makes sense
## 4. Keeping track of issues and PRs
The Cuprate GitHub repository has a lot of issues and PRs to keep track of. Cuprate makes use of generic labels and labels grouped by a prefixes to help with this.
Some labels will be [automatically added/removed](https://github.com/Cuprate/cuprate/tree/main/.github/labeler.yml) if certain file paths have been changed in a PR.
@ -76,7 +135,45 @@ This section is primarily targeted at maintainers. Most contributors aren't able
[O-]: https://github.com/Cuprate/cuprate/labels?q=O
[P-]: https://github.com/Cuprate/cuprate/labels?q=P
## Books
## 5. Documentation
Cuprate's crates (libraries) have inline documentation.
These can be built and viewed using the `cargo` tool. For example, to build and view a specific crate's documentation, run the following command at the repository's root:
```bash
cargo doc --open --package $CRATE
```
`$CRATE` can be any package listed in the [root `Cargo.toml`](https://github.com/Cuprate/cuprate/tree/main/Cargo.toml)'s workspace members list, for example, `cuprate-blockchain`.
You can also build all documentation at once:
```bash
cargo doc
```
and view by using a web-browser to open the `index.html` file within the build directory: `target/doc/$CRATE/index.html`, for example, `target/doc/cuprate_blockchain/index.html`.
## 6. Books
Cuprate has various documentation books whose source files live in [`books/`](https://github.com/Cuprate/cuprate/tree/main/books).
Please contribute if you found a mistake! The files are mostly [markdown](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown) files and can be easily edited. See the `books/` directory for more information.
These books are also good resources to understand how Cuprate and Monero work.
### 6.1 Architecture book
This book documents Cuprate's architecture and implementation.
- <https://architecture.cuprate.org>
- <https://github.com/Cuprate/architecture-book>
- <https://github.com/Cuprate/cuprate/tree/main/books/architecture>
### 6.2 Protocol book
This book documents the Monero protocol.
- <https://monero-book.cuprate.org>
- <https://github.com/Cuprate/monero-book>
- <https://github.com/Cuprate/cuprate/tree/main/books/protocol>
### 6.3 User book
This book is a user-guide for using Cuprate.
- <https://user.cuprate.org>
- <https://github.com/Cuprate/user-book>
- <https://github.com/Cuprate/cuprate/tree/main/books/user>