import 'dart:convert'; import 'dart:math'; import 'dart:typed_data'; import 'package:crypto/crypto.dart'; import 'package:unorm_dart/unorm_dart.dart' as unorm; import 'package:cryptography/cryptography.dart' as cryptography; import 'package:cw_core/sec_random_native.dart'; const segwit = '100'; final wordlist = englishWordlist; double logBase(num x, num base) => log(x) / log(base); String mnemonicEncode(int i) { var _i = i; final n = wordlist.length; final words = []; while (_i > 0) { final x = i % n; _i = (i / n).floor(); words.add(wordlist[x]); } return words.join(' '); } int mnemonicDecode(String seed) { var i = 0; final n = wordlist.length; final words = seed.split(' '); while (words.length > 0) { final word = words.removeLast(); final k = wordlist.indexOf(word); i = i * n + k; } return i; } bool isNewSeed(String seed, {String prefix = segwit}) { final hmacSha512 = Hmac(sha512, utf8.encode('Seed version')); final digest = hmacSha512.convert(utf8.encode(normalizeText(seed))); final hx = digest.toString(); return hx.startsWith(prefix.toLowerCase()); } void maskBytes(Uint8List bytes, int bits) { final skipCount = (bits / 8).floor(); var lastByte = (1 << bits % 8) - 1; for (var i = bytes.length - 1 - skipCount; i >= 0; i--) { bytes[i] &= lastByte; if (lastByte > 0) { lastByte = 0; } } } String bufferToBin(Uint8List data) { final q1 = data.map((e) => e.toRadixString(2).padLeft(8, '0')); final q2 = q1.join(''); return q2; } String encode(Uint8List data) { final dataBitLen = data.length * 8; final wordBitLen = logBase(wordlist.length, 2).ceil(); final wordCount = (dataBitLen / wordBitLen).floor(); maskBytes(data, wordCount * wordBitLen); final bin = bufferToBin(data); final binStr = bin.substring(bin.length - (wordCount * wordBitLen)); final result = []; for (var i = 0; i < wordCount; i++) { final wordBin = binStr.substring(i * wordBitLen, (i + 1) * wordBitLen); result.add(wordlist[int.parse(wordBin, radix: 2)]); } return result.join(' '); } List prefixMatches(String source, List prefixes) { final hmacSha512 = Hmac(sha512, utf8.encode('Seed version')); final digest = hmacSha512.convert(utf8.encode(normalizeText(source))); final hx = digest.toString(); return prefixes.map((prefix) => hx.startsWith(prefix.toLowerCase())).toList(); } Future generateMnemonic( {int strength = 264, String prefix = segwit}) async { final wordBitlen = logBase(wordlist.length, 2).ceil(); final wordCount = strength / wordBitlen; final byteCount = ((wordCount * wordBitlen).ceil() / 8).ceil(); var result = ''; do { final bytes = await secRandom(byteCount); maskBytes(bytes, strength); result = encode(bytes); } while (!prefixMatches(result, [prefix]).first); return result; } Uint8List mnemonicToSeedBytes(String mnemonic, {String prefix = segwit}) { final pbkdf2 = cryptography.Pbkdf2( macAlgorithm: cryptography.Hmac(cryptography.sha512), iterations: 2048, bits: 512); final text = normalizeText(mnemonic); return pbkdf2.deriveBitsSync(text.codeUnits, nonce: cryptography.Nonce('electrum'.codeUnits)); } bool matchesAnyPrefix(String mnemonic) => prefixMatches(mnemonic, [segwit]).any((el) => el); bool validateMnemonic(String mnemonic, {String prefix = segwit}) { try { return matchesAnyPrefix(mnemonic); } catch (e) { return false; } } final COMBININGCODEPOINTS = combiningcodepoints(); List combiningcodepoints() { final source = '300:34e|350:36f|483:487|591:5bd|5bf|5c1|5c2|5c4|5c5|5c7|610:61a|64b:65f|670|' + '6d6:6dc|6df:6e4|6e7|6e8|6ea:6ed|711|730:74a|7eb:7f3|816:819|81b:823|825:827|' + '829:82d|859:85b|8d4:8e1|8e3:8ff|93c|94d|951:954|9bc|9cd|a3c|a4d|abc|acd|b3c|' + 'b4d|bcd|c4d|c55|c56|cbc|ccd|d4d|dca|e38:e3a|e48:e4b|eb8|eb9|ec8:ecb|f18|f19|' + 'f35|f37|f39|f71|f72|f74|f7a:f7d|f80|f82:f84|f86|f87|fc6|1037|1039|103a|108d|' + '135d:135f|1714|1734|17d2|17dd|18a9|1939:193b|1a17|1a18|1a60|1a75:1a7c|1a7f|' + '1ab0:1abd|1b34|1b44|1b6b:1b73|1baa|1bab|1be6|1bf2|1bf3|1c37|1cd0:1cd2|' + '1cd4:1ce0|1ce2:1ce8|1ced|1cf4|1cf8|1cf9|1dc0:1df5|1dfb:1dff|20d0:20dc|20e1|' + '20e5:20f0|2cef:2cf1|2d7f|2de0:2dff|302a:302f|3099|309a|a66f|a674:a67d|a69e|' + 'a69f|a6f0|a6f1|a806|a8c4|a8e0:a8f1|a92b:a92d|a953|a9b3|a9c0|aab0|aab2:aab4|' + 'aab7|aab8|aabe|aabf|aac1|aaf6|abed|fb1e|fe20:fe2f|101fd|102e0|10376:1037a|' + '10a0d|10a0f|10a38:10a3a|10a3f|10ae5|10ae6|11046|1107f|110b9|110ba|11100:11102|' + '11133|11134|11173|111c0|111ca|11235|11236|112e9|112ea|1133c|1134d|11366:1136c|' + '11370:11374|11442|11446|114c2|114c3|115bf|115c0|1163f|116b6|116b7|1172b|11c3f|' + '16af0:16af4|16b30:16b36|1bc9e|1d165:1d169|1d16d:1d172|1d17b:1d182|1d185:1d18b|' + '1d1aa:1d1ad|1d242:1d244|1e000:1e006|1e008:1e018|1e01b:1e021|1e023|1e024|' + '1e026:1e02a|1e8d0:1e8d6|1e944:1e94a'; return source.split('|').map((e) { if (e.contains(':')) { return e.split(':').map((hex) => int.parse(hex, radix: 16)); } return int.parse(e, radix: 16); }).fold([], (List acc, element) { if (element is List) { for (var i = element[0] as int; i <= (element[1] as int); i++) {} } else if (element is int) { acc.add(element); } return acc; }).toList(); } String removeCombiningCharacters(String source) { return source .split('') .where((char) => !COMBININGCODEPOINTS.contains(char.codeUnits.first)) .join(''); } bool isCJK(String char) { final n = char.codeUnitAt(0); for (var x in CJKINTERVALS) { final imin = x[0] as num; final imax = x[1] as num; if (n >= imin && n <= imax) return true; } return false; } String removeCJKSpaces(String source) { final splitted = source.split(''); final filtered = []; for (var i = 0; i < splitted.length; i++) { final char = splitted[i]; final isSpace = char.trim() == ''; final prevIsCJK = i != 0 && isCJK(splitted[i - 1]); final nextIsCJK = i != splitted.length - 1 && isCJK(splitted[i + 1]); if (!(isSpace && prevIsCJK && nextIsCJK)) { filtered.add(char); } } return filtered.join(''); } String normalizeText(String source) { final res = removeCombiningCharacters(unorm.nfkd(source).toLowerCase()) .trim() .split('/\s+/') .join(' '); return removeCJKSpaces(res); } const CJKINTERVALS = [ [0x4e00, 0x9fff, 'CJK Unified Ideographs'], [0x3400, 0x4dbf, 'CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A'], [0x20000, 0x2a6df, 'CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B'], [0x2a700, 0x2b73f, 'CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C'], [0x2b740, 0x2b81f, 'CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D'], [0xf900, 0xfaff, 'CJK Compatibility Ideographs'], [0x2f800, 0x2fa1d, 'CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement'], [0x3190, 0x319f, 'Kanbun'], [0x2e80, 0x2eff, 'CJK Radicals Supplement'], [0x2f00, 0x2fdf, 'CJK Radicals'], [0x31c0, 0x31ef, 'CJK Strokes'], [0x2ff0, 0x2fff, 'Ideographic Description Characters'], [0xe0100, 0xe01ef, 'Variation Selectors Supplement'], [0x3100, 0x312f, 'Bopomofo'], [0x31a0, 0x31bf, 'Bopomofo Extended'], [0xff00, 0xffef, 'Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms'], [0x3040, 0x309f, 'Hiragana'], [0x30a0, 0x30ff, 'Katakana'], [0x31f0, 0x31ff, 'Katakana Phonetic Extensions'], [0x1b000, 0x1b0ff, 'Kana Supplement'], [0xac00, 0xd7af, 'Hangul Syllables'], [0x1100, 0x11ff, 'Hangul Jamo'], [0xa960, 0xa97f, 'Hangul Jamo Extended A'], [0xd7b0, 0xd7ff, 'Hangul Jamo Extended B'], [0x3130, 0x318f, 'Hangul Compatibility Jamo'], [0xa4d0, 0xa4ff, 'Lisu'], [0x16f00, 0x16f9f, 'Miao'], [0xa000, 0xa48f, 'Yi Syllables'], [0xa490, 0xa4cf, 'Yi Radicals'], ]; final englishWordlist = [ 'abandon', 'ability', 'able', 'about', 'above', 'absent', 'absorb', 'abstract', 'absurd', 'abuse', 'access', 'accident', 'account', 'accuse', 'achieve', 'acid', 'acoustic', 'acquire', 'across', 'act', 'action', 'actor', 'actress', 'actual', 'adapt', 'add', 'addict', 'address', 'adjust', 'admit', 'adult', 'advance', 'advice', 'aerobic', 'affair', 'afford', 'afraid', 'again', 'age', 'agent', 'agree', 'ahead', 'aim', 'air', 'airport', 'aisle', 'alarm', 'album', 'alcohol', 'alert', 'alien', 'all', 'alley', 'allow', 'almost', 'alone', 'alpha', 'already', 'also', 'alter', 'always', 'amateur', 'amazing', 'among', 'amount', 'amused', 'analyst', 'anchor', 'ancient', 'anger', 'angle', 'angry', 'animal', 'ankle', 'announce', 'annual', 'another', 'answer', 'antenna', 'antique', 'anxiety', 'any', 'apart', 'apology', 'appear', 'apple', 'approve', 'april', 'arch', 'arctic', 'area', 'arena', 'argue', 'arm', 'armed', 'armor', 'army', 'around', 'arrange', 'arrest', 'arrive', 'arrow', 'art', 'artefact', 'artist', 'artwork', 'ask', 'aspect', 'assault', 'asset', 'assist', 'assume', 'asthma', 'athlete', 'atom', 'attack', 'attend', 'attitude', 'attract', 'auction', 'audit', 'august', 'aunt', 'author', 'auto', 'autumn', 'average', 'avocado', 'avoid', 'awake', 'aware', 'away', 'awesome', 'awful', 'awkward', 'axis', 'baby', 'bachelor', 'bacon', 'badge', 'bag', 'balance', 'balcony', 'ball', 'bamboo', 'banana', 'banner', 'bar', 'barely', 'bargain', 'barrel', 'base', 'basic', 'basket', 'battle', 'beach', 'bean', 'beauty', 'because', 'become', 'beef', 'before', 'begin', 'behave', 'behind', 'believe', 'below', 'belt', 'bench', 'benefit', 'best', 'betray', 'better', 'between', 'beyond', 'bicycle', 'bid', 'bike', 'bind', 'biology', 'bird', 'birth', 'bitter', 'black', 'blade', 'blame', 'blanket', 'blast', 'bleak', 'bless', 'blind', 'blood', 'blossom', 'blouse', 'blue', 'blur', 'blush', 'board', 'boat', 'body', 'boil', 'bomb', 'bone', 'bonus', 'book', 'boost', 'border', 'boring', 'borrow', 'boss', 'bottom', 'bounce', 'box', 'boy', 'bracket', 'brain', 'brand', 'brass', 'brave', 'bread', 'breeze', 'brick', 'bridge', 'brief', 'bright', 'bring', 'brisk', 'broccoli', 'broken', 'bronze', 'broom', 'brother', 'brown', 'brush', 'bubble', 'buddy', 'budget', 'buffalo', 'build', 'bulb', 'bulk', 'bullet', 'bundle', 'bunker', 'burden', 'burger', 'burst', 'bus', 'business', 'busy', 'butter', 'buyer', 'buzz', 'cabbage', 'cabin', 'cable', 'cactus', 'cage', 'cake', 'call', 'calm', 'camera', 'camp', 'can', 'canal', 'cancel', 'candy', 'cannon', 'canoe', 'canvas', 'canyon', 'capable', 'capital', 'captain', 'car', 'carbon', 'card', 'cargo', 'carpet', 'carry', 'cart', 'case', 'cash', 'casino', 'castle', 'casual', 'cat', 'catalog', 'catch', 'category', 'cattle', 'caught', 'cause', 'caution', 'cave', 'ceiling', 'celery', 'cement', 'census', 'century', 'cereal', 'certain', 'chair', 'chalk', 'champion', 'change', 'chaos', 'chapter', 'charge', 'chase', 'chat', 'cheap', 'check', 'cheese', 'chef', 'cherry', 'chest', 'chicken', 'chief', 'child', 'chimney', 'choice', 'choose', 'chronic', 'chuckle', 'chunk', 'churn', 'cigar', 'cinnamon', 'circle', 'citizen', 'city', 'civil', 'claim', 'clap', 'clarify', 'claw', 'clay', 'clean', 'clerk', 'clever', 'click', 'client', 'cliff', 'climb', 'clinic', 'clip', 'clock', 'clog', 'close', 'cloth', 'cloud', 'clown', 'club', 'clump', 'cluster', 'clutch', 'coach', 'coast', 'coconut', 'code', 'coffee', 'coil', 'coin', 'collect', 'color', 'column', 'combine', 'come', 'comfort', 'comic', 'common', 'company', 'concert', 'conduct', 'confirm', 'congress', 'connect', 'consider', 'control', 'convince', 'cook', 'cool', 'copper', 'copy', 'coral', 'core', 'corn', 'correct', 'cost', 'cotton', 'couch', 'country', 'couple', 'course', 'cousin', 'cover', 'coyote', 'crack', 'cradle', 'craft', 'cram', 'crane', 'crash', 'crater', 'crawl', 'crazy', 'cream', 'credit', 'creek', 'crew', 'cricket', 'crime', 'crisp', 'critic', 'crop', 'cross', 'crouch', 'crowd', 'crucial', 'cruel', 'cruise', 'crumble', 'crunch', 'crush', 'cry', 'crystal', 'cube', 'culture', 'cup', 'cupboard', 'curious', 'current', 'curtain', 'curve', 'cushion', 'custom', 'cute', 'cycle', 'dad', 'damage', 'damp', 'dance', 'danger', 'daring', 'dash', 'daughter', 'dawn', 'day', 'deal', 'debate', 'debris', 'decade', 'december', 'decide', 'decline', 'decorate', 'decrease', 'deer', 'defense', 'define', 'defy', 'degree', 'delay', 'deliver', 'demand', 'demise', 'denial', 'dentist', 'deny', 'depart', 'depend', 'deposit', 'depth', 'deputy', 'derive', 'describe', 'desert', 'design', 'desk', 'despair', 'destroy', 'detail', 'detect', 'develop', 'device', 'devote', 'diagram', 'dial', 'diamond', 'diary', 'dice', 'diesel', 'diet', 'differ', 'digital', 'dignity', 'dilemma', 'dinner', 'dinosaur', 'direct', 'dirt', 'disagree', 'discover', 'disease', 'dish', 'dismiss', 'disorder', 'display', 'distance', 'divert', 'divide', 'divorce', 'dizzy', 'doctor', 'document', 'dog', 'doll', 'dolphin', 'domain', 'donate', 'donkey', 'donor', 'door', 'dose', 'double', 'dove', 'draft', 'dragon', 'drama', 'drastic', 'draw', 'dream', 'dress', 'drift', 'drill', 'drink', 'drip', 'drive', 'drop', 'drum', 'dry', 'duck', 'dumb', 'dune', 'during', 'dust', 'dutch', 'duty', 'dwarf', 'dynamic', 'eager', 'eagle', 'early', 'earn', 'earth', 'easily', 'east', 'easy', 'echo', 'ecology', 'economy', 'edge', 'edit', 'educate', 'effort', 'egg', 'eight', 'either', 'elbow', 'elder', 'electric', 'elegant', 'element', 'elephant', 'elevator', 'elite', 'else', 'embark', 'embody', 'embrace', 'emerge', 'emotion', 'employ', 'empower', 'empty', 'enable', 'enact', 'end', 'endless', 'endorse', 'enemy', 'energy', 'enforce', 'engage', 'engine', 'enhance', 'enjoy', 'enlist', 'enough', 'enrich', 'enroll', 'ensure', 'enter', 'entire', 'entry', 'envelope', 'episode', 'equal', 'equip', 'era', 'erase', 'erode', 'erosion', 'error', 'erupt', 'escape', 'essay', 'essence', 'estate', 'eternal', 'ethics', 'evidence', 'evil', 'evoke', 'evolve', 'exact', 'example', 'excess', 'exchange', 'excite', 'exclude', 'excuse', 'execute', 'exercise', 'exhaust', 'exhibit', 'exile', 'exist', 'exit', 'exotic', 'expand', 'expect', 'expire', 'explain', 'expose', 'express', 'extend', 'extra', 'eye', 'eyebrow', 'fabric', 'face', 'faculty', 'fade', 'faint', 'faith', 'fall', 'false', 'fame', 'family', 'famous', 'fan', 'fancy', 'fantasy', 'farm', 'fashion', 'fat', 'fatal', 'father', 'fatigue', 'fault', 'favorite', 'feature', 'february', 'federal', 'fee', 'feed', 'feel', 'female', 'fence', 'festival', 'fetch', 'fever', 'few', 'fiber', 'fiction', 'field', 'figure', 'file', 'film', 'filter', 'final', 'find', 'fine', 'finger', 'finish', 'fire', 'firm', 'first', 'fiscal', 'fish', 'fit', 'fitness', 'fix', 'flag', 'flame', 'flash', 'flat', 'flavor', 'flee', 'flight', 'flip', 'float', 'flock', 'floor', 'flower', 'fluid', 'flush', 'fly', 'foam', 'focus', 'fog', 'foil', 'fold', 'follow', 'food', 'foot', 'force', 'forest', 'forget', 'fork', 'fortune', 'forum', 'forward', 'fossil', 'foster', 'found', 'fox', 'fragile', 'frame', 'frequent', 'fresh', 'friend', 'fringe', 'frog', 'front', 'frost', 'frown', 'frozen', 'fruit', 'fuel', 'fun', 'funny', 'furnace', 'fury', 'future', 'gadget', 'gain', 'galaxy', 'gallery', 'game', 'gap', 'garage', 'garbage', 'garden', 'garlic', 'garment', 'gas', 'gasp', 'gate', 'gather', 'gauge', 'gaze', 'general', 'genius', 'genre', 'gentle', 'genuine', 'gesture', 'ghost', 'giant', 'gift', 'giggle', 'ginger', 'giraffe', 'girl', 'give', 'glad', 'glance', 'glare', 'glass', 'glide', 'glimpse', 'globe', 'gloom', 'glory', 'glove', 'glow', 'glue', 'goat', 'goddess', 'gold', 'good', 'goose', 'gorilla', 'gospel', 'gossip', 'govern', 'gown', 'grab', 'grace', 'grain', 'grant', 'grape', 'grass', 'gravity', 'great', 'green', 'grid', 'grief', 'grit', 'grocery', 'group', 'grow', 'grunt', 'guard', 'guess', 'guide', 'guilt', 'guitar', 'gun', 'gym', 'habit', 'hair', 'half', 'hammer', 'hamster', 'hand', 'happy', 'harbor', 'hard', 'harsh', 'harvest', 'hat', 'have', 'hawk', 'hazard', 'head', 'health', 'heart', 'heavy', 'hedgehog', 'height', 'hello', 'helmet', 'help', 'hen', 'hero', 'hidden', 'high', 'hill', 'hint', 'hip', 'hire', 'history', 'hobby', 'hockey', 'hold', 'hole', 'holiday', 'hollow', 'home', 'honey', 'hood', 'hope', 'horn', 'horror', 'horse', 'hospital', 'host', 'hotel', 'hour', 'hover', 'hub', 'huge', 'human', 'humble', 'humor', 'hundred', 'hungry', 'hunt', 'hurdle', 'hurry', 'hurt', 'husband', 'hybrid', 'ice', 'icon', 'idea', 'identify', 'idle', 'ignore', 'ill', 'illegal', 'illness', 'image', 'imitate', 'immense', 'immune', 'impact', 'impose', 'improve', 'impulse', 'inch', 'include', 'income', 'increase', 'index', 'indicate', 'indoor', 'industry', 'infant', 'inflict', 'inform', 'inhale', 'inherit', 'initial', 'inject', 'injury', 'inmate', 'inner', 'innocent', 'input', 'inquiry', 'insane', 'insect', 'inside', 'inspire', 'install', 'intact', 'interest', 'into', 'invest', 'invite', 'involve', 'iron', 'island', 'isolate', 'issue', 'item', 'ivory', 'jacket', 'jaguar', 'jar', 'jazz', 'jealous', 'jeans', 'jelly', 'jewel', 'job', 'join', 'joke', 'journey', 'joy', 'judge', 'juice', 'jump', 'jungle', 'junior', 'junk', 'just', 'kangaroo', 'keen', 'keep', 'ketchup', 'key', 'kick', 'kid', 'kidney', 'kind', 'kingdom', 'kiss', 'kit', 'kitchen', 'kite', 'kitten', 'kiwi', 'knee', 'knife', 'knock', 'know', 'lab', 'label', 'labor', 'ladder', 'lady', 'lake', 'lamp', 'language', 'laptop', 'large', 'later', 'latin', 'laugh', 'laundry', 'lava', 'law', 'lawn', 'lawsuit', 'layer', 'lazy', 'leader', 'leaf', 'learn', 'leave', 'lecture', 'left', 'leg', 'legal', 'legend', 'leisure', 'lemon', 'lend', 'length', 'lens', 'leopard', 'lesson', 'letter', 'level', 'liar', 'liberty', 'library', 'license', 'life', 'lift', 'light', 'like', 'limb', 'limit', 'link', 'lion', 'liquid', 'list', 'little', 'live', 'lizard', 'load', 'loan', 'lobster', 'local', 'lock', 'logic', 'lonely', 'long', 'loop', 'lottery', 'loud', 'lounge', 'love', 'loyal', 'lucky', 'luggage', 'lumber', 'lunar', 'lunch', 'luxury', 'lyrics', 'machine', 'mad', 'magic', 'magnet', 'maid', 'mail', 'main', 'major', 'make', 'mammal', 'man', 'manage', 'mandate', 'mango', 'mansion', 'manual', 'maple', 'marble', 'march', 'margin', 'marine', 'market', 'marriage', 'mask', 'mass', 'master', 'match', 'material', 'math', 'matrix', 'matter', 'maximum', 'maze', 'meadow', 'mean', 'measure', 'meat', 'mechanic', 'medal', 'media', 'melody', 'melt', 'member', 'memory', 'mention', 'menu', 'mercy', 'merge', 'merit', 'merry', 'mesh', 'message', 'metal', 'method', 'middle', 'midnight', 'milk', 'million', 'mimic', 'mind', 'minimum', 'minor', 'minute', 'miracle', 'mirror', 'misery', 'miss', 'mistake', 'mix', 'mixed', 'mixture', 'mobile', 'model', 'modify', 'mom', 'moment', 'monitor', 'monkey', 'monster', 'month', 'moon', 'moral', 'more', 'morning', 'mosquito', 'mother', 'motion', 'motor', 'mountain', 'mouse', 'move', 'movie', 'much', 'muffin', 'mule', 'multiply', 'muscle', 'museum', 'mushroom', 'music', 'must', 'mutual', 'myself', 'mystery', 'myth', 'naive', 'name', 'napkin', 'narrow', 'nasty', 'nation', 'nature', 'near', 'neck', 'need', 'negative', 'neglect', 'neither', 'nephew', 'nerve', 'nest', 'net', 'network', 'neutral', 'never', 'news', 'next', 'nice', 'night', 'noble', 'noise', 'nominee', 'noodle', 'normal', 'north', 'nose', 'notable', 'note', 'nothing', 'notice', 'novel', 'now', 'nuclear', 'number', 'nurse', 'nut', 'oak', 'obey', 'object', 'oblige', 'obscure', 'observe', 'obtain', 'obvious', 'occur', 'ocean', 'october', 'odor', 'off', 'offer', 'office', 'often', 'oil', 'okay', 'old', 'olive', 'olympic', 'omit', 'once', 'one', 'onion', 'online', 'only', 'open', 'opera', 'opinion', 'oppose', 'option', 'orange', 'orbit', 'orchard', 'order', 'ordinary', 'organ', 'orient', 'original', 'orphan', 'ostrich', 'other', 'outdoor', 'outer', 'output', 'outside', 'oval', 'oven', 'over', 'own', 'owner', 'oxygen', 'oyster', 'ozone', 'pact', 'paddle', 'page', 'pair', 'palace', 'palm', 'panda', 'panel', 'panic', 'panther', 'paper', 'parade', 'parent', 'park', 'parrot', 'party', 'pass', 'patch', 'path', 'patient', 'patrol', 'pattern', 'pause', 'pave', 'payment', 'peace', 'peanut', 'pear', 'peasant', 'pelican', 'pen', 'penalty', 'pencil', 'people', 'pepper', 'perfect', 'permit', 'person', 'pet', 'phone', 'photo', 'phrase', 'physical', 'piano', 'picnic', 'picture', 'piece', 'pig', 'pigeon', 'pill', 'pilot', 'pink', 'pioneer', 'pipe', 'pistol', 'pitch', 'pizza', 'place', 'planet', 'plastic', 'plate', 'play', 'please', 'pledge', 'pluck', 'plug', 'plunge', 'poem', 'poet', 'point', 'polar', 'pole', 'police', 'pond', 'pony', 'pool', 'popular', 'portion', 'position', 'possible', 'post', 'potato', 'pottery', 'poverty', 'powder', 'power', 'practice', 'praise', 'predict', 'prefer', 'prepare', 'present', 'pretty', 'prevent', 'price', 'pride', 'primary', 'print', 'priority', 'prison', 'private', 'prize', 'problem', 'process', 'produce', 'profit', 'program', 'project', 'promote', 'proof', 'property', 'prosper', 'protect', 'proud', 'provide', 'public', 'pudding', 'pull', 'pulp', 'pulse', 'pumpkin', 'punch', 'pupil', 'puppy', 'purchase', 'purity', 'purpose', 'purse', 'push', 'put', 'puzzle', 'pyramid', 'quality', 'quantum', 'quarter', 'question', 'quick', 'quit', 'quiz', 'quote', 'rabbit', 'raccoon', 'race', 'rack', 'radar', 'radio', 'rail', 'rain', 'raise', 'rally', 'ramp', 'ranch', 'random', 'range', 'rapid', 'rare', 'rate', 'rather', 'raven', 'raw', 'razor', 'ready', 'real', 'reason', 'rebel', 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